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. 2020 Jun 2;8:262. doi: 10.3389/fped.2020.00262

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Copyright © 2020 Songstad, Klingenberg, McGillick, Polglase, Zahra, Schmölzer, Davis, Hooper and Crossley.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Experimental time line from the cessation of carotid blood flow, showing the timing of ventilation onset (Vent) followed by chest compression (CC) onset as well as the timing of each treatment dose (Td) via allocated route or intravenous rescue dose (Rd) of adrenaline. Following the onset of Vent, CCs commenced 1 min later and was followed by the first adrenaline Td 1 min after that. Subsequent Tds and Rds were given at 3-min intervals as required until the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). (B) Survival curves showing the percentage of lambs in each treatment group achieving ROSC with each Td via allocated route intravenous (IV) saline, blue; Nasal Adrenaline, green; Endotracheal Adrenaline (ET; magenta); IV-Adrenaline (red) or IV Rd and overall survival at end of experiment. (C) The time taken to achieve ROSC in IV Adrenaline (red), Nasal Adrenaline (green), ET-adrenaline (magenta), and IV saline (blue) lambs. *Indicates that IV Adrenaline lambs significantly different to IV-saline, ET-adrenaline, and Nasal-adrenaline lambs. Data shown as mean±SEM.