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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Epilepsy Behav. 2020 Jan 27;104(Pt A):106907. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.106907

Table 2:

Mental Health Characteristics of Study Population by Research Opt-in Status

All Subjects (N=199) Opt-in (N=154) Opt-out (N=45) P-value*
Prior psychiatric hospitalization 48 (24.1%) 39 (25.3%) 9 (20.0%) 0.46
Current treatment by psychiatrist or therapist? 61 (30.7%) 51 (33.1%) 10 (22.2%) 0.16
Currently on antidepressant medication?** 87 (43.7%) 75 (48.7%) 12 (26.7%) 0.009
GAD-7 anxiety score (mean SD) 12.6 ± 4.5 12.7 ± 4.5 12.2 ± 4.5 0.44
Positive anxiety screen (GAD-7 ≥10) 154 (77.4%) 120 (77.9%) 34 (75.6%) 0.74
NDDI-E depression score (mean SD) 16.0 ± 3.6 16.4 ± 3.5 14.7 ± 3.8 0.007
Positive depression screen (NDDI-E ≥16) 128 (64.3%) 105 (68.2%) 23 (51.1%) 0.04
Passive suicidality screen positive (NDDI-E)*** 34 (17.1%) 29 (18.8%) 5 (11.1%) 0.23
Irritability screen positive (SCID-IV or MINI-IV past manic episode screen) [N=198] 102 (51.5%) 86 (56.2%) 16 (35.6%) 0.01
Elevated mood screen positive (SCID-IV or
MINI-IV past manic episode screen) [N=198]
58 (29.3%) 50 (32.7%) 8 (17.8%) 0.05
Past manic episode
(MINI-IV past manic episode module)
0.52
 Yes 17 (8.5%) 15 (9.7%) 2 (4.4%)
 No 159 (79.9%) 121 (78.6%) 38 (84.4%)
 Uncertain 23 (11.6%) 18 (11.7%) 5 (11.1%)
Visual hallucinations (in past month) 22 (11.1%) 19 (12.3%) 3 (6.7%) 0.29
Auditory hallucinations(in past month) [N=198] 0.87
 Auditory-tones 22 (11.1%) 17 (11.1%) 5 (11.1%)
 Auditory-voices 12 (6.1%) 10 (6.5%) 2 (4.4%)
 No auditory hallucinations 164 (82.8%) 126 (82.4%) 38 (84.4%)
*

two-sample t-test or chi square test; chi square p value shown at top of category label for categorical variables having more than 2 categories

**

SSRI, SNRI, mirtazapine, bupropion, or buspirone

***

positive passive suicidality screen: response of 3 or 4 (“sometimes” or “always or often” on item 4 of the NDDI-E “I’d be better off dead”)[34]