Appendix 4.
Multiple variable adjusted associations between maternal ethnic discrimination1 and youth cardiometabolic outcomes
| BMI | MetS z-score | Log hsCRP | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 1 | Model 1 | Model 2 |
| Maternal discrimination | 0.11(−0.01, 0.23) | 0.10(−0.03, 0.22) | 0.01(−0.09, 0.10) | −0.01(−0.10, 0.09) | 0.18( 0.04, 0.32) | 0.17( 0.04, 0.31) |
| Youth’s sex (male vs female) | −0.13(−0.30, 0.05) | −0.13(−0.30, 0.05) | 0.06(−0.08, 0.20) | 0.05(−0.08, 0.19) | −0.03(−0.20, 0.14) | −0.03(−0.19, 0.14) |
| Youth’s age (years) | ||||||
| 10–11 vs 8–9 | 0.13(−0.09, 0.36) | 0.13(−0.09, 0.36) | 0.27( 0.11, 0.44) | 0.26( 0.09, 0.42) | −0.02(−0.27, 0.23) | −0.02(−0.26, 0.22) |
| 12–13 vs 8–9 | −0.03(−0.27, 0.21) | −0.07(−0.32, 0.18) | 0.12(−0.08, 0.31) | 0.08(−0.11, 0.27) | −0.09(−0.32, 0.14) | −0.14(−0.37, 0.09) |
| 14–16 vs 8–9 | 0.00(−0.23, 0.24) | −0.05(−0.28, 0.17) | 0.29( 0.14, 0.45) | 0.21( 0.05, 0.37) | −0.08(−0.32, 0.16) | −0.15(−0.39, 0.09) |
| US mainland born (Yes vs No) | −0.10(−0.32, 0.12) | −0.11(−0.35, 0.13) | −0.21(−0.37,−0.04) | −0.18(−0.36,−0.01) | −0.09(−0.30, 0.11) | −0.10(−0.32, 0.11) |
| Hispanic/Latino background | ||||||
| Central American vs Mexican | −0.36(−1.04, 0.32) | −0.35(−0.90, 0.19) | −0.20(−0.53, 0.13) | −0.23(−0.53, 0.07) | −0.31(−0.65, 0.02) | −0.32(−0.65, 0.01) |
| Cuban vs Mexican | −0.10(−0.51, 0.32) | −0.04(−0.45, 0.37) | −0.24(−0.52, 0.04) | −0.21(−0.49, 0.07) | 0.04(−0.37, 0.44) | 0.06(−0.33, 0.46) |
| Dominican vs Mexican | 0.25(−0.01, 0.50) | 0.25(−0.01, 0.51) | −0.12(−0.30, 0.07) | −0.10(−0.29, 0.09) | 0.11(−0.15, 0.38) | 0.12(−0.15, 0.39) |
| Puerto Rican vs Mexican | 0.07(−0.22, 0.36) | 0.03(−0.30, 0.35) | −0.11(−0.29, 0.07) | −0.04(−0.22, 0.14) | 0.06(−0.22, 0.35) | 0.04(−0.26, 0.35) |
| South American vs Mexican | 0.00(−0.29, 0.29) | −0.01(−0.28, 0.26) | −0.18(−0.47, 0.10) | −0.23(−0.49, 0.03) | −0.17(−0.65, 0.30) | −0.19(−0.64, 0.27) |
| Mixed/other vs Mexican | 0.10(−0.16, 0.37) | 0.12(−0.14, 0.38) | −0.05(−0.26, 0.17) | 0.01(−0.22, 0.24) | 0.20(−0.06, 0.46) | 0.21(−0.06, 0.48) |
| Highest parental education | ||||||
| High school vs <high school | −0.19(−0.39, 0.01) | −0.09(−0.25, 0.07) | −0.16(−0.36, 0.05) | |||
| College or more vs <high school | −0.28(−0.54,−0.02) | −0.20(−0.38,−0.03) | −0.17(−0.40, 0.06) | |||
| Annual household income | ||||||
| >$20K-40K vs $20K or less | −0.03(−0.26, 0.19) | −0.01(−0.18, 0.15) | 0.01(−0.20, 0.21) | |||
| >$40K vs $20K or less | −0.08(−0.42, 0.25) | −0.22(−0.47, 0.03) | −0.08(−0.35, 0.19) | |||
| Mother’s age (years) | ||||||
| 35–49 vs 24–34 | 0.16(−0.02, 0.34) | 0.12(−0.02, 0.26) | 0.15(−0.04, 0.33) | |||
| 50–73 vs 24–34 | −0.12(−1.17, 0.93) | 0.16(−0.32, 0.65) | 0.16(−0.31, 0.63) | |||
| Mother’s language preference (English vs Spanish) | 0.04(−0.29, 0.37) | −0.05(−0.26, 0.15) | 0.10(−0.21, 0.41) | |||
| Maternal marital status | ||||||
| Married/living with a partner vs single | −0.03(−0.28, 0.22) | 0.06(−0.11, 0.24) | 0.01(−0.23, 0.25) | |||
| Widowed, divorced or separated vs single | 0.09(−0.18, 0.36) | 0.06(−0.14, 0.27) | 0.13(−0.15, 0.41) | |||
| Maternal employment status (Yes vs No) | −0.03(−0.20, 0.15) | 0.11(−0.02, 0.25) | −0.06(−0.23, 0.12) | |||
| Mother born in mainland US (No vs Yes) | −0.01(−0.30, 0.28) | 0.07(−0.12, 0.27) | 0.08(−0.24, 0.40) | |||
1
HSHC/SOL maternal-report discrimination (2008–2011).
Note: BMI=body mass index; MetS = metabòlic syndrome score; hsCRP=high sensitivity C-reactive protein.