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. 2019 Oct 2;23(6):1058–1066. doi: 10.1017/S1368980019002805

Table 1.

Demographic characteristics of the study participants by chronic kidney disease (CKD) status: Chinese adults aged 45–59 years (n 2004) from Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, eastern China, June 2015–December 2016

Variable Participants with CKD
(146)
Participants without CKD
(1858)
Significance*
Mean or n sd or % Mean or n sd or %
Age (years) 53·7 4·3 48·5 3·5 P < 0·001
Gender
  Male 59 40·4 944 50·8 χ2 = 5·85
  Female 87 59·6 914 49·2 P < 0·05
Smoking status
  Never 115 78·8 1499 80·7 χ2 = 13·81
  Former 12 8·2 43 2·3 P < 0·01
  Current 19 13·0 316 17·0
Education
  <High school 25 17·1 167 9·0 χ2 = 13·90
  High school 103 70·6 1310 70·5 P < 0·01
  >High school 18 12·3 381 20·5
Monthly income per person (RMB)
  ≤2500 73 50·0 641 34·5 χ2 = 14·67
  2500–4000 60 41·1 953 51·3 P < 0·01
  >4000 13 8·9 264 14·2
Obese
  Yes 45 30·8 319 17·2 χ2 = 16·98
  No 101 69·2 1539 82·8 P < 0·001
Hypertension
  Yes 47 32·2 240 12·9 χ2 = 40·98
  No 99 67·8 1618 87·1 P < 0·001
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
  Yes 30 20·5 182 9·8 χ2 = 16·54
  No 116 79·5 1676 90·2 P < 0·001

Continuous variables are presented as mean and standard deviation, categorical variables are presented as number and percentage.

*P value for continuous variables from the independent-samples t test or the Mann–Whitney U test, and for categorical variables from the χ2 test.