Table 2.
Characteristics of the study sample according to quartile of ultra-processed food consumption. Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), 2008–2010 (n 11 827)
| Characteristic | Ultra-processed food consumption (% of total daily energy intake) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile 1 (0–17·79 %) (n 2956) |
Quartile 2 (17·79–23·91 %) (n 2957) |
Quartile 3 (23·91–30·84 %) (n 2957) |
Quartile 4 (30·84–73·84 %) (n 2957) |
Total (n 11 827) |
||||||
| Mean, n or median | sd, % or P25–P75 | Mean, n or median | sd, % or P25–P75 | Mean, n or median | sd, % or P25–P75 | Mean, n or median | sd, % or P25–P75 | Mean, n or median | sd, % or P25–P75 | |
| Age (years), mean and sd | 53·6 | 8·5 | 51·7 | 8·6 | 50·7 | 8·5 | 49·3 | 8·7 | 51·3 | 8·7 |
| Sex, n and % | ||||||||||
| Female | 1350 | 46·7 | 1576 | 53·1 | 1716 | 57·4 | 1865 | 62·7 | 6507 | 55·0 |
| Skin colour/race, n and % | ||||||||||
| Black | 628 | 21·7 | 504 | 17·0 | 440 | 14·7 | 341 | 11·5 | 1913 | 16·2 |
| Brown | 972 | 33·6 | 902 | 30·4 | 789 | 26·4 | 658 | 22·1 | 3321 | 28·1 |
| White | 1174 | 40·6 | 1453 | 48·9 | 1652 | 55·2 | 1890 | 63·5 | 6169 | 52·2 |
| Asian | 75 | 2·6 | 86 | 2·9 | 76 | 2·5 | 66 | 2·2 | 303 | 2·6 |
| Indigenous | 43 | 1·5 | 24 | 0·8 | 33 | 1·1 | 21 | 0·7 | 121 | 1·0 |
| Per capita family income (minimum wages/month), median and P25–P75 | 5 | 3–8 | 5 | 3–9 | 6 | 4–10 | 6 | 4–9 | 5 | 3–9 |
| School achievement, n and % | ||||||||||
| Less than elementary | 264 | 9·1 | 131 | 4·4 | 113 | 3·8 | 80 | 2·7 | 588 | 5·0 |
| Elementary | 250 | 8·6 | 211 | 7·1 | 142 | 4·7 | 136 | 4·6 | 739 | 6·2 |
| Secondary | 1126 | 38·9 | 1056 | 35·6 | 1009 | 33·7 | 921 | 30·9 | 4112 | 34·8 |
| College/university | 1252 | 43·3 | 1571 | 52·9 | 1726 | 57·7 | 1839 | 61·8 | 6388 | 54·0 |
| Smoking, n and % | ||||||||||
| Never | 1586 | 54·8 | 1696 | 57·1 | 1779 | 59·5 | 1866 | 62·7 | 6927 | 58·6 |
| Ex-smoker | 902 | 31·2 | 886 | 29·8 | 857 | 28·7 | 764 | 25·7 | 3409 | 28·8 |
| Current | 404 | 14·0 | 387 | 13·0 | 354 | 11·8 | 346 | 11·6 | 1491 | 12·6 |
| Physical activity at leisure time (MET × min/week), median and P25–P75 | 240 | 0–960 | 264 | 0–960 | 244 | 0–954 | 240 | 0–929 | 240 | 0–960 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean and sd | 26·8 | 4·6 | 26·8 | 4·6 | 26·8 | 4·5 | 26·8 | 4·8 | 26·8 | 4·6 |
| Waist circumference (cm), mean and sd | 91·6 | 12·4 | 90·7 | 12·2 | 90·2 | 12·5 | 89·7 | 12·7 | 90·6 | 12·5 |
| Total daily energy intake (kJ/d), mean and sd | 10 803 | 3837 | 10 979 | 3895 | 11 025 | 3933 | 11 104 | 3958 | 10 979 | 3908 |
| Total daily energy intake (kcal/d), mean and sd | 2582 | 917 | 2624 | 931 | 2635 | 940 | 2654 | 946 | 2624 | 934 |
| Fruits and vegetable intake (% of total daily energy), mean and sd | 11·0 | 6·3 | 9·8 | 5·4 | 9·0 | 5·2 | 7·6 | 4·4 | 9·4 | 5·5 |
| Sweetened beverages (% of total daily energy), mean and sd | 1·0 | 1·6 | 1·9 | 2·4 | 2·8 | 3·2 | 3·9 | 4·2 | 2·4 | 3·2 |
P25, 25th percentile; P75, 75th percentile; MET, metabolic equivalent of task.