Table 4.
Between- and within-condition endpoint-to-endpoint mean comparisons and change from baseline for nutrient and food group intake† (Mean values and 95 % confidence intervals)
| Baseline | Endpoint-to-endpoint mean | Change from baseline | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| POT | REF | Mean difference | POT | REF | Mean difference | ||||||||||
| Mean | 95 % CI | Mean | 95 % CI | Mean | 95 % CI | Mean | 95 % CI | P‡ | Mean | 95 % CI | Mean | 95 % CI | Mean | 95 % CI | |
| Energy content (kJ) | 7975 | 7109, 8845 | 8485 | 7828, 9138 | 8222 | 7560, 8878 | 264 | –268, 795 | 0·32 | 473 | –393, 1364 | 197 | –695, 1088 | 276 | –259, 816 |
| Carbohydrate (g) | 222 | 194, 249 | 241 | 220, 261 | 232 | 211, 252 | 9 | –8, 26 | 0·30 | 18 | –7·2, 43 | 8·5 | –17, 34 | 9·5 | –8, 27 |
| %E carbohydrates | 47 | 42, 49 | 48 | 45, 50 | 48 | 45, 50 | 0·02 | –2·6, 2·6 | 0·99 | 1·3 | –1·7, 4·2 | 1·2 | –1·8, 4·2 | 0·04 | –2·6, 2·6 |
| Protein (g) | 85 | 74, 95 | 82 | 74, 90 | 82 | 74, 90 | –0·2 | –8·5, 8·1 | 0·96 | –3·0 | –13, 7 | –2·9 | –13, 7 | –0·15 | –8·5, 8·2 |
| %E protein | 19 | 17, 21 | 16 | 15, 18 | 17 | 16, 18 | –0·75 | –2·3, 0·8 | 0·33 | –2·4* | –4·3, –0·2 | –1·5 | –3·5, 0·6 | –0·78 | –2·4, 0·8 |
| Total fat (g) | 78 | 68, 89 | 84 | 75, 93 | 80 | 71, 89 | 3·9 | –4·7, 12·4 | 0·37 | 5·4 | –7, 18 | 1·4 | –11, 14 | 4 | –4·6, 12·7 |
| %E fat | 37 | 34, 40 | 37 | 35, 39 | 36 | 34, 37 | 1·3 | –0·8, 3·3 | 0·23 | 0·7 | –2·0, 3·4 | –0·7 | –3·3, 2·1 | 1·29 | –0·8, 3·4 |
| Saturated fat (g) | 26 | 21, 30 | 26 | 23, 30 | 27 | 24, 31 | –0·62 | –4·1, 2·9 | 0·72 | 0·8 | –4, 5·6 | 1·4 | –3·4, 6·2 | –0·61 | –4·2, 3 |
| %E saturated fat | 12 | 11, 13 | 12 | 11, 13 | 12 | 11, 13 | –0·3 | –1·4, 0·8 | 0·54 | 0·3 | –0·9, 1·4 | 0·6 | –0·5, 1·8 | –0·3 | –1·5, 0·8 |
| Cholesterol (mg) | 250 | 197, 303 | 264 | 218, 309 | 280 | 234, 326 | –17 | –70, 36 | 0·53 | 15 | –43, 73 | 30 | –28, 88 | –15 | –68, 38 |
| Fibre (g) | 21 | 18, 25 | 21 | 19, 23 | 18 | 16, 20 | 2·4 | 0·6, 4·2 | 0·01 | –0·1 | –3·8, 3·5 | –2·6 | –6·2, 1·1 | 2·4 | 0·6, 4·2 |
| K (mg) | 2788 | 2490, 3086 | 3044 | 2809, 3279 | 2497 | 2260, 2733 | 547 | 331, 764 | <0·001 | 251 | –48, 549 | –315* | –615, –16 | 566 | 347, 785 |
| Na (mg) | 3279 | 2865, 3693 | 3513 | 3184, 3843 | 3512 | 3180, 3843 | 1·84 | –310, 313 | 0·99 | 215 | –163, 593 | 225 | –155, 604 | –9·5 | –320, 301 |
| Total vegetables (c-eq) | 1·9 | 1·7, 2·2 | 2·2 | 1·9, 2·4 | 1·4 | 1·2, 1·7 | 0·7 | 0·4, 1·0 | <0·001 | 0·27 | –0·04, 0·66 | –0·46* | –0·8, –0·07 | 0·74 | 0·43, 1·05 |
| Dark green vegetables (c-eq) | 0·4 | 0·3, 0·6 | 0·4 | 0·2, 0·5 | 0·2 | 0·1, 0·3 | 0·14 | –0·01, 0·29 | 0·08 | –0·05 | –0·2, 0·1 | –0·20* | –0·41, –0·01 | 0·15 | –0·01, 0·29 |
| Red/orange vegetables (c-eq) | 0·5 | 0·2, 0·48 | 0·4 | 0·3, 0·5 | 0·4 | 0·3, 0·5 | 0·001 | –0·131, 0·133 | 0·99 | –0·08 | –0·2, 0·1 | –0·07 | –0·2, 0·1 | –0·02 | –0·2, 0·1 |
| Starchy vegetables (c-eq) | 0·35 | 0·21, 0·48 | 1·0 | 0·9, 1·1 | 0·1 | 0·04, 0·18 | 0·91 | 0·8, 1·0 | <0·001 | 0·67* | 0·5, 0·8 | –0·25* | –0·4, –0·1 | 0·9 | 0·8, 1·0 |
| White potatoes (c-eq)§ | 0·3 | 0·2, 0·4 | 0·95 | 0·89, 1·0 | 0·08 | 0·02, 0·15 | 0·87 | 0·77, 0·97 | <0·001 | 0·66* | 0·5, 0·8 | –0·23* | –0·4, –0·1 | 0·9 | 0·77, 0·97 |
| Total grains (oz-eq) | 6·1 | 4·8, 7·4 | 6·5 | 5·6, 7·4 | 7·3 | 6·4, 8·2 | –0·83 | –1·69, 0·03 | 0·06 | 0·33 | –0·8, 1·5 | 1·2* | 0·1, 2·4 | –0·9 | –1·71, 0·02 |
| Whole grains (oz-eq) | 1·1 | 0·7, 1·5 | 1·2 | 0·9, 1·5 | 1·1 | 0·7, 1·4 | 0·1 | –0·2, 0·5 | 0·43 | 0·13 | –0·3, 0·6 | –0·01 | –0·5, 0·4 | 0·14 | –0·2, 0·5 |
| Refined grains (oz-eq) | 5·0 | 3·9, 6·2 | 5·3 | 4·4, 6·1 | 6·2 | 5·4, 7·1 | –0·96 | –1·8, –0·14 | 0·02 | 0·2 | –0·9, 1·3 | 1·2* | 0·1, 2·4 | –1·02 | –1·9, –0·2 |
| Total fruit (c-eq) | 1·1 | 0·8, 1·4 | 1·1 | 0·8, 1·3 | 1·1 | 0·8, 1·4 | –0·06 | –0·34, 0·23 | 0·70 | –0·04 | –0·3, 0·3 | –0·02 | –0·3, 0·3 | –0·02 | –0·3, 0·3 |
| Total dairy products (c-eq) | 1·7 | 1·3, 2·0 | 1·7 | 1·4, 2·0 | 1·8 | 1·5, 2·0 | –0·04 | –0·35, 0·27 | 0·81 | 0·04 | –0·3, 0·4 | 0·07 | –0·3, 0·5 | –0·03 | –0·4, 0·3 |
| Total protein foods (oz-eq) | 5·7 | 4·6, 6·8 | 5·7 | 4·7, 6·8 | 5·7 | 4·6, 6·7 | 0·06 | –1·1, 1·12 | 0·92 | –0·05 | –1·5, 1·3 | –0·16 | –1·6, 1·2 | 0·10 | –1·0, 1·2 |
| Oils (g) | 29 | 24, 34 | 29 | 23, 34 | 26 | 20, 31 | 3·1 | –2·5, 8·8 | 0·27 | –0·14 | –6·8, 6·6 | –3·7 | –10·4, 3·1 | 3·5 | –2·2, 9·2 |
POT, potato; REF, refined grain; %E, percentage energy; c-eq, cup-equivalents; oz-eq, ounce-equivalents; tsp-eq, teaspoon-equivalents.
*
Significant within-condition change from baseline P < 0·05.
†
Data presented as least square mean values and 95 % confidence intervals unless otherwise stated. PROCMIXED (SAS Institute) was used for analyses with participants modelled as a repeated factor.
‡
Condition main effect for endpoint-to-endpoint mean comparison.
§
Includes all potato types used in the present study and any white flesh-potatoes, excludes sweet potatoes.