Table 1.
Sample descriptive statistics.
| N (%) | M | SD | Min | Max | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 46.20 | 12.96 | 19 | 72 | |
| Gender | |||||
| Female | 73 (74%) | ||||
| Male | 24 (24%) | ||||
| Not reported | 2 (2%) | ||||
| Ethnicity | |||||
| Hispanic | 7 (90%) | ||||
| Non-Hispanic | 89 (7%) | ||||
| Not reported | 3 (3%) | ||||
| Race | |||||
| White | 95 (96%) | ||||
| Black/African American | 0 (0%) | ||||
| Asian | 5 (5%) | ||||
| American Indian/Alaska native | 0 (0%) | ||||
| Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | 11 (11%) | ||||
| Multi-racial | 10 (10%) | ||||
| Not reported | 2 (2%) | ||||
| Education (years) | 15.47 | 2.47 | 10 | 22 | |
| MS duration (years) | 10.69 | 8.41 | 1 | 37 | |
| MS type | |||||
| RRMS | 76 (77%) | ||||
| SPMS | 8 (8%) | ||||
| PPMS | 3 (3%) | ||||
| PRMS | 1 (1%) | ||||
| Not reported | 11 (11%) | ||||
| DMT status | |||||
| None | 3 (3%) | ||||
| Interferon beta-1a | 4 (4%) | ||||
| Peginterferon beta-1a | 1 (1%) | ||||
| Interferon beta-1b | 2 (2%) | ||||
| Glatiramer acetate | 7 (7%) | ||||
| Fingolimod | 10 (10%) | ||||
| Natalizumab | 42 (42%) | ||||
| Dimethyl fumarate | 22 (22%) | ||||
| Not reported | 8 (8%) | ||||
| Marital status | |||||
| Married/partnered | 52 (53%) | ||||
| Divorced/separated | 16 (16%) | ||||
| Single/never married | 28 (21%) | ||||
| Widowed | 1 (1%) | ||||
| Not reported | 2 (2%) | ||||
| Employment status | |||||
| Employed | 45 (46%) | ||||
| Not employed | 52 (53%) | ||||
| PHQ-8 | 6.91 | 5.39 | 0 | 23 | |
| FSS | 37.96 | 14.37 | 9 | 63 | |
| MSNQ (raw) | 23.15 | 11.42 | 1 | 58 | |
| MSNQ (z) | −1.15 | 1.84 | −6.77 | 2.42 | |
| BICAMS (raw) | |||||
| SDMT | 48.73 | 12.33 | 20 | 79 | |
| CVLT-II | 49.06 | 11.82 | 19 | 74 | |
| BVMT-R | 23.16 | 7.88 | 3 | 36 | |
| BICAMS (z) | −0.44 | 1.01 | −3.12 | 1.80 | |
| SDMT | −0.95 | 1.14 | −4.30 | 1.59 | |
| CVLT-II | −0.08 | 1.29 | −3.10 | 2.7 | |
| BVMT-R | −0.27 | 1.42 | −3.10 | 2.5 | |
| BICAMS (z) – MSNQ (z) Discrepancy | 0.72 | 1.96 | −4.31 | 5.71 | |
| Discrepancy status | |||||
| Accurates | 38 (38%) | ||||
| Underestimators (worse subjective) | 43 (43%) | ||||
| Overestimators (worse objective) | 18 (18%) |
Notes. N = 99 participants. Race variable not mutually exclusive.
Abbreviations: BICAMS = Brief International Cognitive Assessment of Multiple Sclerosis; BVMT-R = Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised; CVLT-II = California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition; DMT = disease-modifying therapy; FSS = fatigue severity scale; MS = multiple sclerosis; MNSQ = Multiple Sclerosis Neuropsychological Screening Questionnaire; PHQ-8 = Patient Health Questionnaire-8; PPMS = primary progressive MS; PRMS = progressive relapsing MS; RRMS = relapsing remitting MS; SDMT = Symbol Digit Modalities Test; SPMS = secondary progressive MS.