Table 1.

Comparison of multiple-stressor research across freshwater, marine and terrestrial ecology and ecotoxicology.

discipline	terminology for predictor variables	terminology for interactions	common predictor variables	common response variables	key references
freshwater	stressor	additive synergistic antagonistic reversal	increased temperature altered flow nutrients toxicants habitat modification invasive species	population metrics functional traits biodiversity	[5,39,40]
marine	stressor driver	additive synergistic antagonistic	increased temperature acidification pollutants nutrients high/low salinity hypoxia habitat modification	physiology population metrics functional traits biodiversity	[3,30,41]
terrestrial	factor driver	additive synergistic antagonistic dampening amplifying counteracting	increased temperature increased CO2 land use change nutrient modification altered precipitation invasive species	fluxes and pools of elements, compounds and nutrients productivity biodiversity	[18,34,42]
ecotoxicology	stressor toxicant toxic chemical	additive synergistic antagonistic	toxicants increased temperature salinization drought pathogens or predators	physiology population metrics biodiversity	[6,22,24]