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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Gastroenterology. 2020 Feb 19;158(8):2195–2207.e6. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.02.022

Figure 1. Proinflammatory mediators released from colonic mucosa of IBS-D patients and healthy controls (HC).

Figure 1.

(A) Release of histamine, tryptase, and PGE2 from colonic biopsies obtained from IBS-D patients and HC. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 12–23 in each group. *P < 0.05 from HC, Student t test. (B) RT–PCR of COX1 and COX2 in colonic biopsy samples from IBS-D and HC (n = 9 in each group). Results are expressed as mean ± SEM, *P < 0.05 from HC, Student t test. (C) Western blot of COX2 from IBS-D and HC colonic biopsy samples, quantified by densitometry analysis of the blots. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM, *P < 0.05 from HC, Student t test, n = 5 in each group. (D) Immunofluorescence staining for COX2 (red) and MC tryptase (green) in colonic biopsies from HC and IBS-D patients. Superimposed images demonstrate significant overlap of COX2 and MC tryptase immunoreactivity (yellow). Scale bar, 200 μm.