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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jun 12.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Anal Chem (Palo Alto Calif). 2019 Dec 10;13(1):45–65. doi: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091619-102649

Figure 4.

Figure 4.

New approaches for 3D printing of microfluidic devices and structures. A) Two-photon polymerization of a spring diode inside a microfluidic channel; adapted with permission from ref. 108. B) Instrumentation setup for CLIP; the build platform is continuously raised out of a resin vat and polymerization is enabled by an oxygen-inhibited “dead zone” above a permeable window. Reprinted from ref. 109 with permission from AAAS. C) Instrumental setup for an alternate approach to CLIP. Polymerization is initiated by the blue light and inhibited by the UV light. Reproduced with permission from ref. 113. D-E) Image angle breakdown and instrumental setup for CAL 3D printing. Reprinted from ref. 114 with permission from AAAS.