Table 1.
Antiretroviral medications by class, including year of approval and CNS penetration effectiveness (CPE) score, a measurement of how well medications penetrate the CNS
| Abbreviation | Approval Year |
CPE Score |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| NRTI | |||
| azidothymidine/zidovudine | AZT/ZDV | 1987 | 4 |
| didanosine | ddI | 1991 | 2 |
| stavudine | d4T | 1994 | 2 |
| lamivudine | 3TC | 1995 | 2 |
| abacavir | ABC | 1998 | 3 |
| tenofovir disoproxil fumarate | TDF | 2001 | 1 |
| emtricitabine | FTC | 2003 | 3 |
| tenofovir alafenamide | TAF | 2015 | 1 |
| NNRTI | |||
| nevirapine | NVP | 1996 | 4 |
| delavirdine | DLV | 1997 | 3 |
| efavirenz | EFV | 1998 | 3 |
| etravirine | ETR | 2008 | 2 |
| rilpivirine | RPV | 2011 | - |
| doravirine | DOR | 2018 | - |
| Protease Inhibitors | |||
| saquinavir mesylate | SQV | 1995 | 1 |
| ritonavir* | RTV | 1996 | 1 |
| indinavir | IDV | 1996 | 3 |
| nelfinavir mesylate | NFV | 1997 | 1 |
| lopinavir | LPV | 2000 | 3 |
| atazanavir sulfate | ATV | 2003 | 2 |
| fosamprenavir calcium | FOS | 2003 | 2 |
| tipranavir | TPV | 2005 | 1 |
| darunavir | DRV | 2006 | 3 |
| Fusion Inhibitors | |||
| enfuvirtide | T-20 | 2003 | 1 |
| CCR5 Co-receptor Antagonists | |||
| maraviroc | MVC | 2007 | 3 |
| Integrase Inhibitors | |||
| raltegravir | RAL | 2007 | 3 |
| dolutegravir | DTG | 2013 | - |
| elvitegravir | EVG | 2014 | - |
| bictegravir | BIC | 2018 | - |
| Post-Attachment Inhibitors | |||
| ibalizumab | IBA | 2018 | - |
| Pharmacokinetic Enhancers | |||
| ritonavir* | RTV | 1996 | 1 |
| cobicistat | COBI | 2014 | - |
*
Ritonavir is used clinically as a PK enhancer rather than an antiretroviral.