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Growth phase and kinetics value of E. coli culture with the present of respective NMs.
| NMs | Lag phase (h) | Log phase (h) | Stationary phase (h) | Death phase (h) | μg (h−1) | −kd (h−1) | Final cell concentration (cell/mL) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Without NMs | – | 24–48 | 48–72 | 72–96 | 0.0080 | 0.0169 | 600 ± 3.606 |
| Anatase TiO2 | – | – | – | 24–96 | – | 0.0241 | 152 ± 2.000 |
| Rutile TiO2 | – | – | 24–40 | 40–96 | – | 0.0171 | 308 ± 1.000 |
| rGO | – | – | 24–40 | 40–96 | – | 0.0180 | 302 ± 2.64 |
