Table 1.
Summary of nanometric electrochemical sensors for DA reported in literature
| Sensor type | Sensor size | Sensing material | Detection method | LoD (nM) | Linear range (M) | Selectivity (tested species) | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IDEs array (chip) | 150 nm width, 300 nm pitch | Au | RC | 620 | 10−7–10−4 | Yes (AA) | [45] |
| Au NE (needle-type) | 50 nm radius (Au disk w/o glass sheath) | Au clusters | CA | 5.2 | (0.01–2.55) × 10−6 | Yes, Nafion coated (UA, AA, NE, E, DOPAC) | [46] |
| Au NE (needle-type) | 200 nm (tip radius) | PANi | DPV | 100 | (0.3–200) × 10−6 | Yes (AA, Na+ K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, G, Lys, GA, C)) | [47] |
| Au NE (chip) | 30–500 nm width | Au | LSV | 128 | (0.004–1.012) × 10−3 | Yes (AA) | [48] |
| CFNE (needle-type) | 100–300 nm (fibre diameter) | Carbon | DPV | 40 | N/A | No | [49] |
| CNPE (needle-type) | 250 nm (tip diameter) | Carbon | FSCV | 25 | (0.1–10) × 10−6 | No | [14] |
| CNE-based OECT (needle-type) | 300 nm, 900 nm (gate channel diameter) | PEDOT:PSS | OECT - potentiostic | 0.001 |
(1–160) × 10−12 (2–700) × 10−9 |
No | This work |
IDEs, intedigitated electrodes; NE, nanoelectrode; CFNE, carbon fiber nanoelectrode; CNPE, carbon nanopipette electrode; CNE, carbon nano electrode; OECT, organic electrochemical transistor; RC, redox cycling; CA, chronoamperometry; DPV, differential pulse voltammetry; LSV, linear sweep voltammetry; FSCV, fast scan cyclic voltammetry; AA, ascorbic acid; UA, uric acid; NE, norepinephrine; E, epinephrine; DOPAC, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid; G, glucose; L, lys; GA, glutamic acid; C, citric acid