Table 3.
Association between ACS treatment and offspring adverse outcomes among neonates born to mothers with and without ACS treatment by multivariate analysis.
| HDP:ACS vs No-ACS | Non-HDP: ACS vs No-ACS | interaction | |
|---|---|---|---|
| aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Short-term outcomes | |||
| In-hospital death | 0.56 (0.39–0.79) | 0.56 (0.47–0.65) | 0.63 |
| Respiratory distress syndrome | 0.85 (0.74–0.97) | 0.77 (0.72–0.83) | 0.09 |
| Chronic lung disease | 1.35 (1.15–1.58) | 1.39 (1.28–1.51) | 0.52 |
| Intraventricular haemorrhage (III or IV) | 0.76 (0.51–1.13) | 0.52 (0.44–0.60) | 0.08 |
| Periventricular leukomalacia | 1.14 (0.78–1.66) | 0.58 (0.49–0.69) | <0.01 |
| Sepsis | 0.79 (0.62–1.01) | 0.81 (0.72–0.91) | 0.93 |
| Necrotizing enterocolitis | 0.64 (0.39–1.04) | 0.94 (0.72–1.22) | 0.13 |
| Composite adverse outcomes | 0.75 (0.60–0.96) | 0.55 (0.49–0.61) | <0.01 |
| Long-term outcomes | |||
| Death after NICU discharge | 1.84 (0.54–6.33) | 0.88 (0.53–1.46) | 0.39 |
| Home oxygen therapy/home respiratory therapy | 0.74 (0.37–1.48) | 1.01 (0.66–1.53) | 0.47 |
| Visually impairment | 1.10 (0.69–1.73) | 0.86 (0.68–1.08) | 0.34 |
| Hearing impairment | 0.54 (0.19–1.51) | 0.77 (0.49–1.21) | 0.65 |
| Cerebral palsy | 1.04 (0.69–1.57) | 0.70 (0.58–0.84) | 0.03 |
| Developmental quotient <70 | 0.91 (0.66–1.25) | 0.90 (0.75–1.07) | 0.89 |
| Developmental quotient <85 | 1.11 (0.88–1.39) | 0.79 (0.69–0.90) | 0.03 |
| Composite adverse outcomes | 0.96 (0.75–1.22) | 0.85 (0.75–0.96) | 0.39 |
Model adjusted for variables including maternal age, parity, gestational age, mode of delivery, GDM/DM, PROM, histological CAM, NRFS, SGA, birth weight and infant sex. Neonates born to mothers without ACS treatment were used as a reference in both groups. HDP, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy; ACS, antenatal corticosteroids; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; Short-term composite adverse outcomes: in-hospital death, intraventricular haemorrhage (grade III or IV) and periventricular leukomalacia, Long-term composite adverse outcomes: death after NICU discharge, cerebral palsy and developmental quotient <70. Bold indicates a significant association. P-value for interaction <0.05 indicates a significant difference in the effect of ACS treatment between the two groups.