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. 2020 Jun 9;10:9332. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-66239-8

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(A) Conjugation frequency of pK71-77-1-NDM from E. coli K71-77 into rif^R K56 ECO-SENS strains. Vertical axis indicates the log₁₀ of the conjugation frequency. (B) Relative fitness of rif^R K56 ECO-SENS strains carrying pK71-77-1-NDM. Vertical axis indicates the fitness of plasmid-carrying strains relatively to their isogenic plasmid-free counterpart. (C) Stability of plasmid pK71-77-1-NDM in rif^R K56 ECO-SENS strains. Vertical axis indicates the percentage of plasmid-carrying cells in the population. For all plots the horizontal axes indicate the rif^R K56 strains’ suffix, and ST for non-ST73 strains; left panel: strains belonging to ST73, middle panel: strains belonging to other STs, right panel: overall comparison between ST73 and other STs. ^NS, ** and *** denote respectively: non-significant (p value > 0.05), p value < 0.01 and p value <0.001 (Wilcoxon test). The graphic illustrations were performed in R⁴⁴.