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. 2020 Jun 9;10:9259. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-66261-w

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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3D renderings of the holotype fossil of Irritator challengeri (SMNS 58022) in right lateral view. (a) solid rendering of the skull with interpretative line drawing indicating gross anatomy; (b) transparent rendering of the skull with solid rendering of the cranial endocast and endosseous labyrinth. Note that the skull is inclined according to the ‘alert’ head pos-ture inferred by lateral semicircular canal horizontality (see text for details). Scale bar equals 100 mm. Abbreviations: aof, antorbital fenestra; ar, articular; bc, brain-case; cr, cranium; end, cranial endocast; exn, external naris; itf, infratemporal fenestra; j, jugal; l-, indicates left element; lab, endosseous labyrinth; mx, maxilla; n, nasal; or, orbit; pra, prearticular; r-, indicates right element; s, stapes; sa, surangular.