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. 2020 Jun 9;10:9259. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-66261-w

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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3D rendering of the cranial endocast, cranial nerves, endosseous labyrinth, and as-sociated structures of the holotype fossil of Irritator challengeri (SMNS 58022). (a) right lat-eral view; (b) oblique view, roughly anterolaterally oriented; (c) ventral view; (d) dorsal view. Scale bar equals 30 mm. Abbreviations: cerh, cerebral hemisphere; dp, dural peak; flc, floc-cular recess; III, oculomotor nerve; IV, trochlear nerve; IX–XI, endocast of the metotic fissure, holding the glossopharyngeal (IX), vagus (X), and accessory (XI) nerves; lab, endosseous lab-yrinth; olb, olfactory bulb; olbs, olfactory bulb sulcus; olt, olfactory tract; pit, pituitary; V, trigeminal nerve; VI, abducens nerve; VII, facial nerve; vcm, dorsal middle cerebral vein; XII, hypoglossal nerve.