Skip to main content
. 2020 Jun 9;11:2894. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-16568-z

Fig. 3. Certain essential amino acids including threonine and tryptophan are sufficient and necessary for the systemic metabolic effects of dietary protein dilution.

Fig. 3

a Feed efficiency of mice in response to a 3-week treatment with diets containing 18% from amino acids (normal amino acid; NAA), 4.5% essential AA (LEAA; as of diet E in Fig. 2c), and LEAA supplemented with either lysine, threonine, and tryptophan (LEAA + KTW), phenylalanine, histidine, and methionine (LEAA + FHM), or isoleucine, leucine, and valine (LEAA + ILV), all with other AA equally adjusted to give 18% AA in total. Data are mean and SEM (n = 6 individual mice per group). Data were analysed by one-way ANOVA with Holm–Sidak post-hoc tests. Different than diet NAA: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. Different than diet LEAA: #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001. b Energy expenditure of mice as in (a). c Serum fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) levels of mice as in (a). d Insulin sensitivity index during fasting (ISI(f)) of mice as in (a). e Feed efficiency of mice in response to a 3-week treatment with diets containing 18% from amino acids (AA; NAA), 4.5% essential AA (LEAA; as of diet E in Fig. 2c), and diet singly with restricted amounts of lysine (LK), threonine (LT), and tryptophan (LW), all with other AA equally adjusted to give 18% AA in total. Data are mean and SEM; n = 6 individual mice per group. Data were analysed by one-way ANOVA with Holm–Sidak post-hoc tests. Different than diet NAA: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. Different than diet LEAA: #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001. f Energy expenditure of mice as in (e). g Serum FGF21 levels of mice as in (e). h ISI(f) of mice as in (e). i Feed efficiency of mice in response to a 3-week treatment with diets containing 18% from amino acids (normal amino acid; NAA), 4.5% AA (LAA; as of diet B in Fig. 2c), and LAA supplemented with threonine and tryptophan while keeping total AA at 4.5% (LAA(TW)). Data are mean and SEM (n = 5 individual mice per group). Data were analysed by one-way ANOVA with Holm–Sidak post-hoc tests. Different than NAA: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. Different than LAA: #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001. j Energy expenditure of mice as in (e). k Serum FGF21 levels of mice as in (e). l ISI(f) of mice as in (e).