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. 2020 Jun 9;10:9291. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-66145-z

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Medium conditioned by dermal fibroblasts under hypoxic conditions allowed the formation of a highly structured capillary-like network by human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Representative microscope photographs taken on gels after human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cultivated with irradiated fibroblasts seeded in fibrin gels with unconditioned medium (DF medium, left upper panel), commercially available medium EGM-2MV (EGM-2MV, right upper panel), medium conditioned during 1 week by dermal fibroblasts under normoxic conditions (DF-Nx medium, left lower panel) and medium conditioned during 1 week by dermal fibroblasts under hypoxic conditions (DF-Hx medium, right lower panel). Whereas no structures could be observed for DF medium and DF-Nx, capillary-like structures were visible for EGM-2MV and DF-Hx conditions. The network was more elaborated with DF-Hx. Tubulogenesis could be observed with the inner vacuole, which formed the lumen.