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. 2020 Jun 9;10:9257. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-66138-y

Table 1.

Characteristics of the study participants.

Demographic variables Serum TBA levels (μmol/L) P-value
<10.0 (n = 11120) 10.0–39.9 (n = 563) ≥40.0 (n = 128)
Maternal age (years)
    <25 [n (%)] 1636 (14.71) 121 (21.49) 37 (28.91) <0.001
    25–34 [n (%)] 8227 (73.98) 371 (65.90) 71 (55.47)
    ≥35 [n (%)] 1257 (11.30) 71 (12.61) 20 (15.63)
Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2)
    <18.5 [n (%)] 1916 (17.23) 113 (20.07) 29 (22.66) 0.159
    18.5–22.9 [n (%)] 6875 (61.83) 328 (58.26) 79 (61.72)
    23.0–27.4 [n (%)] 2003 (18.01) 102 (18.12) 15 (11.72)
    ≥27.5 [n (%)] 326 (2.93) 20 (3.55) 5 (3.90)
Maternal education (years)
    ≤9 (Junior school) 3547 (31.72) 288 (52.93) 74 (57.81) <0.001
    10–15 (High school) 3477 (31.09) 155 (26.47) 31 (24.22)
    ≥16 (University) 3689 (32.99) 111 (19.00) 15 (11.72)
    Data missing 407 (4.20) 9 (1.60) 8 (6.25)
Mode of delivery [n (%)]
    Vaginal delivery 6276 (56.44) 342 (60.75) 81 (63.28) 0.042
    Cesarean delivery 4844 (43.56) 221 (39.25) 47 (36.72)
Parity [n(%)]
    1 8288 (74.53) 418 (74.25) 89 (69.53) 0.432
    ≥2 2832 (25.47) 145 (25.75) 39 (30.47)
Gravidity
    1 5931 (53.34) 297 (52.75) 61 (47.66) 0.428
    ≥2 5189 (46.66) 266 (47.25) 67 (52.34)
Gestational diabetes mellitus [n(%)]
    Yes 917 (8.25) 60 (10.66) 12 (9.38) 0.121
    No 10203 (91.75) 503 (89.34) 116 (90.62)
Gestational hypertension [n(%)]
    Yes 359 (3.23) 21 (3.73) 8 (6.25) 0.135
    No 10761 (96.77) 542 (96.27) 120 (93.75)
Preeclampsia [n(%)]
    Yes 611 (5.49) 77 (13.68) 18 (14.06) <0.001
    No 10506 (94.51) 489 (86.32) 110 (85.94)

Abbreviation: TBA, total bile acid.