Table 1.
Summary of exogenous agonists and antagonists targeting blood-brain barrier (BBB), G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) mentioned here.
| GPCR | Agonist | Antagonist | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| CB1 | WIN-55, 212-2; CP55940; THC | Lu et al. (2008) and Vendel and de Lange (2014) | |
| CB2 | WIN-55, 212-2; O-1966; CP55940; THC | Lu et al. (2008), Ramirez et al. (2012) and Vendel and de Lange (2014) | |
| FZD6 | SAG1.3 | Kozielewicz et al. (2020) | |
| GLP-1 | Exendin-4 | Exendin-3 | Fukuda et al. (2016) |
| GPR4 | NE 52-QQ57 | Hosford et al. (2018) | |
| HCA1 | Lactate; 3, 5-DHBA | 3-OBA | Shen et al. (2015) |
| 5-HT1A | Cyproheptadine | Sharma and Dey (1986) | |
| 5-HT2A | Cyproheptadine | Sharma and Dey (1986) | |
| LPAR1 | Gintonin | Ki16425 | Kim et al. (2018) |
| LPAR3 | Gintonin | Ki16425 | Kim et al. (2018) |
| LPAR6 | Gintonin | Kim et al. (2018) | |
| S1P1 | Fingolimod | W146 | Cannon et al. (2012) |
| S1P2 | Fingolimod | JTE013 | Cao et al. (2019) |
| S1P5 | Fingolimod; compound 18 | Hanessian et al. (2007) and van Doorn et al. (2012) | |
| SMO | Purmorphamine | Cyclopamine; SANT-1; Vismodegib | Alvarez et al. (2011) and Kahn (2014) |