Table 1.
Modern functional biomaterial dressings for chronic wounds.
| Function | Material | Bioactive agent | Model/Disease | Results | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Debridement | Sterigel® | Patients with pressure ulcers | The debridement effect was similar to that of a traditional carboxymethyl cellulose-based hydrogel, but the ability to absorb exudates was limited | Williams, 1997 | |
| Polyacrylate | Protease | Patients with venous ulcers | Compared with an amorphous hydrogel, protease/polyacrylate more effectively removed necrotic tissue and granulation tissue. | Humbert et al., 2014 | |
| Anti-infection | CuS nanodots | 0.7 cm circular wounds in diabetic mice | Non-healing MRSA-infected wounds treated with CuS nanodots combined with laser irradiation were healing after 12 days | Qiao et al., 2019 | |
| AgNP/PAAS CMC | Calculus bovis | 1.0 cm circular wounds in diabetic rats | The two-stage dressing promoted tissue repair in S. aureus-infected wounds | He et al., 2017 | |
| TPP-loaded Tecophilic® | Patients with chronic leg ulcers | Reduced the area of chronic ulcers and effectively reduced pain | Arenbergerova et al., 2012 | ||
| Antioxidant | PPCN | SDF-1 | Splinted 0.6 cm circular wounds in diabetic mice | The antioxidant PPCN hydrogel could promote epidermal and appendage regeneration, combined with SDF-1 to further improve the repair effect; wounds were closed by day 24 | Zhu et al., 2016 |
| Alginate | Edaravone | 0.5 cm circular wounds in diabetic rats | The therapeutic effect was dose-dependent, which proved the dual role of ROS in chronic wound healing. | Fan et al., 2019 | |
| PEI25K, Ceria, Col | AntagomiR-26a | 1.5 cm circular wounds in diabetic rats | The PCN-miR/Col treatment promoted wound healing in diabetic rats, and the quality of repaired skin including Col and skin appendage was similar to that of normal skin | Wu et al., 2019 | |
| Immunoregulation | KSiNPs | 0.7 cm circular wounds in diabetic mice | KSiNPs group promoted wound healing in diabetic mice through M2 macrophage polarization | Gan et al., 2019 | |
| PVA/CS | Bee venom | 1.8 cm circular wounds in diabetic rats | Wounds in the bee venom loaded PVA/CS hydrogel group were basically healed in day 21, and animals had lower IL-6 levels | Amin and Abdel-Raheem, 2014 | |
| Angiogenesis | HA | VEGF- plasmid | Splinted 0.6 cm circular wounds in diabetic mice | HA hydrogel with pores of 60 μm in diameter had the strongest granulation formation and healing ability, but the combination of VEGF plasmids did not further enhance the regeneration of granulation tissue | Tokatlian et al., 2015 |
| GH | IL-8, MIP-3α | 1.0 cm circular wounds in diabetic mice | IL-8-loaded GH hydrogel exhibited stronger repair-promoting neovascularization, and wound healing ability than the MIP-3α treatment | Yoon et al., 2016 | |
| PLLA, silica NPs | DMOG | 0.8 cm circular wounds in diabetic mice | The treatment effectively promoted wound healing and neovascularization in diabetic mice | Ren et al., 2018 | |
| ECM remodeling | Col | Patients with venous leg ulcers | Commercial ovine-derived Col dressing cured 50% of venous ulcers in 12 weeks | Liden and May, 2013 | |
| Poly 2/DS, CS | siRNA | 0.6 cm circular wounds in diabetic mice | In the MMP-9 gene silencing group, the content of type I Col increased and wound healing was accelerated | Castleberry et al., 2016 |