TABLE 1.

Descriptive statistics, reliability estimates, and Principal Components Analysis of Residuals of Rasch dimension and Unexplained Variance for all variables (n = 209).

Measure	Mean	SD	Max value	Skewness	Kurtosis	Reliability	Rasch dimension (EV)	Unexplained variance: first contrast (EV)
L2 listening	18.07	6.77	40	0.552	–0.438	0.823	20.6%(10.40)	4.5% (2.28)
Explicit	9.01	3.77	20	0.392	–0.452	0.705	20.5%(5.17)	7.5% (1.88)
Implicit	9.05	3.58	20	0.317	–0.338	0.690	25%(6.67)	6.2% (1.66)
Short	8.80	3.49	17	0.174	–0.655	0.718	24.5%(5.39)	7.2% (1.60)
Long	9.28	4.01	23	0.498	–0.329	0.711	20.5%(5.92)	6.2% (1.79)
KTU	18.88	3.62	27	–0.587	0.830	0.643	21.8%(7.54)	5.4% (1.87)
LMU	38.91	6.36	48	–0.708	0.292	0.845	22.3%(13.77)	5.5% (3.40)
FS3B	42.18	12.38	72	–0.931	0.670	0.925	18.7%(14.53)	3.4% (2.66)
NLT	3.65	0.817	12	0.384	0.476	0.757	47.6%(32.67)	3.7% (2.56)
PMT	1.35	0.299	7	0.525	0.787	0.836	30.2%(14.68)	4.9% (2.37)
GLT	3.06	0.629	16	0.321	0.149	0.774	44.0%(18.88)	4.5% (1.94)
VS	38.99	3.81	48	–0.489	0.626	0.640	34%(21.02)	3.8% (2.99)

Explicit, explicit information items; Implicit, implicit information items; Short, items associated with short texts; Long, items associated with long texts; KTU, keep-track test; LMU, letter-memory test; FS3B, figural-spatial 3-back test; NLT, number-letter test; PMT, plus-minus test; GLT, global-local test; VS, vocabulary size; Max score, maximum possible score; EV, eigenvalues.