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. 2020 Jun 3;11:860. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00860

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Copyright © 2020 Hoque, Istiaq, Clement, Gibson, Saha, Islam, Abir, Sultana, Siddiki, Crandall and Hossain.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Heatmap comparison of antibiotics, metals, biofilm formation and quorum sensing genes found in the metagenome sequences (WMS) of six CM causing bacteria through SEED subsystems analysis in MG-RAST pipeline. (A) Diversity and relative abundance of the antimicrobial resistance (AMR), metal resistance (MTR), and biofilm formation (BF) and quorum sensing (QS) genes varied significantly (Kruskal–Wallis test, P = 0.029) among the study bacteria. (B) Relative abundance of AMR genes, (C) Relative abundance of MTR genes (D) Relative abundance of BF-QS genes. Values are colored in shades of green to yellow to red, indicating low (absent), medium and high abundance, respectively. Abbreviations: MRS, methicillin resistance in Staphylococci; RFL, resistance to fluoroquinolones; MREP, multidrug resistance to efflux pumps; BlaR, BlaR1 family regulatory sensor-transducer disambiguation; mdtABCD, the mdtABCD multidrug resistance cluster; MAR Locus, multiple antibiotic resistance; CmeABC Operon, Multidrug efflux pump in Campylobacter jejuni; BLAC, beta-lactamase resistance; AADNYL, aminoglycoside adenylyltransferases (Gentamycin resistance); FR, Fosfomycin resistance; mdtRP, multidrug resistance operon mdtRP of Bacillus; PSGCB, polymyxin synthetase gene cluster in Bacillus; BFS, biofilm formation in Staphylococcus, lsrACDBFGE operon, autoinducer 2 (AI-2) transport and processing; QSY, quorum sensing in Yersinia; BAB, biofilm adhesion biosynthesis; YjgK cluster, protein YjgK cluster linked to biofilm formation; QSAU2, quorum sensing: autoinducer-2 synthesis; QSRP, quorum sensing regulation in Pseudomonas; CH, copper homeostasis; CHCT, copper homeostasis: copper tolerance; MRD, mercuric reductase; MROP, mercury resistance to operon; AR, arsenic resistance; ZR, zinc resistance; CDR, cadmium resistance; CZCR, cobalt-zinc-cadmium resistance; ADCYS, adaptation to d-cysteine; RCHC, resistance to chromium compounds; LI, lysozyme inhibitors; BH, bile hydrolysis. More details about these genes can be found in the text and Supplementary Material.