Table 2.
Studies on patients with acral skin lesions
| Study | No. of patients | Prospective/retrospective | PCR (positive/total) | Serological test (positive/total) | Biopsy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mazzotta and Troccili T. Acute acro‐ischaemia in the child at the time of COVID‐19. Eur J Pediatr Dermatology 2020 | 1 (“few dozen” more through Whatsapp®) | Retrospective | 2/unknown | 0/0 | No |
| Kolivras A, Dehavay F, Delplace D, et al. Coronavirus (COVID‐19) infection‐induced chilblains: a case report with histopathological findings. JAAD Case Reports 2020 | 1 | Retrospective | 1/1 | 0/0 | Yes |
| Alramthan A, Aldaraji W. A case of COVID‐19 presenting in clinical picture resembling chilblains disease. First report from the Middle East. Clin Exp Dermatol 2020 | 2 | Retrospective | 2/2 | 0/0 | No |
| Estébanez A, Pérez‐Santiago L, Silva E, Guillen‐Climent S, García‐Vázquez A, Ramón MD. Cutaneous manifestations in COVID‐19: a new contribution. J Eur Acad Dermatology Venereol 2020 | 1 | Retrospective | 1/1† | 1/1† | No |
| Romaní J, Baselga E, Mitjà O, et al. Lesions pernióticas y acrales en España durante el confinamiento por COVID: análisis retrospectivo de 12 casos. Actas Dermosifiliogr 2020 | 12 | Retrospective | 0/12 | 0/5 (rapid tests) | Yes |
| Piccolo V, Neri I, Filippeschi C, et al. Chilblain‐like lesions during COVID‐19 epidemic: a preliminary study on 63 patients. J Eur Acad Dermatology Venereol 2020;:jdv.16526 | 63 | Retrospective | 2/11 | 2/6 | No |
| Landa N, Mendieta‐Eckert M, Fonda‐Pascual P, Aguirre T. Chilblain‐like lesions on feet and hands during the COVID‐19 Pandemic. Int J Dermatol 2020. ijd.14937 | 6 | Retrospective | 3/4 | 0/1 | No |
| Recalcati S, Barbagallo T, Frasin LA, et al. Acral cutaneous lesions in the Time of COVID‐19. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020 | 14 | Not specified | 0/5 | 0/0 | Yes |
| Fernandez‐Nieto D, Jimenez‐Cauhe J, Suarez‐Valle A, et al. Characterization of acute acro‐ischaemic lesions in non‐hospitalized patients: a case series of 132 patients during the COVID‐19 outbreak. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020 | 132 | Retrospective | 2/11 | 0/0 | No |
| Docampo et al. | 58 | Retrospective and prospective |
Retrospective: 1/15 Prospective: 0/24 |
Retrospective 0/1 Prospective 0/1 |
No |
†
The authors do not specify whether PCR or serology were performed.