Table 3.
Selected phase I clinical trials for vaccines against SARS‐CoV‐2
| Vaccine | Vaccine platform | Location | Cohort size (no. groups) | Dose(s) | Vaccination schedule | Immunological objectives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
mRNA‐1273 Moderna Inc. (Cambridge, US) |
mRNA in lipid nanoparticle | USA | 45 (3) |
Group 1: 25 μg RNA Group 2: 100 μg RNA Group 3: 250 μg RNA |
Day 1: Prime Day 29: Boost |
Antibodies up to 28 days post‐boost |
|
BNT162 BioNtech (Mainz, Germany) |
Modified RNA (a1, b1, b2) or self‐amplifying RNA (c2) in a lipid nanoparticle | Germany | 200 (4) | Unknown |
Day 0 (all groups): Prime Day 21 (a1, b1, b2): Boost |
Total and neutralizing antibodies at days 7, 21, 42, 84 and 183 post‐prime |
|
INO‐4800 (Inovio Pharmaceuticals) |
DNA | USA | 40 (2) |
Group 1: 1 mg DNA Group 2: 2 mg DNA |
Day 0: Prime Day 28: Boost |
Antibodies and cellular response from week 0 to week 28 post‐boost |
|
bacTRL‐Spike Symvivo Corporation (Burnaby, Canada) |
DNA with Bifidobacterium longum delivery vector | Canada | 84 (4) |
Group 1a: 1 × 109 Bifidobacterium longum Group 2a: 3 × 109 Bifidobacterium longum Group 3a: 1 × 1010 Bifidobacterium longum Group 1b, 2b, 3b: Placebo |
Day 0: Prime | Antibodies at months 1,3 and 12 post‐prime. Presence of bacTRL‐Spike in stool up to 12 months post‐prime |
|
Ad5‐nCoV ( CanSino Biologics) |
Adenovirus viral vector | China | 108 (3) |
Group 1: 5x1010 vp Group 2: 1 × 1011 vp Group 3: 1·5 × 1011 vp |
Day 0: Prime only | Total and neutralizing antibodies and cellular response at days 14 and 28, and months 3 and 6 post‐prime |
| ChAdOx‐1 nCoV‐19 University of Oxford, AstraZeneca (Cambridge, UK) | Chimpanzee adenovirus viral vector | UK | 510 (5) |
Group 1a, 2a, 3: 5 × 1010 vp Group 1b, 2b: meningitis ACWY standard dose |
Day 0: Prime Week 4 (group 3, 10 participants): boost |
Total and neutralizing antibodies and cellular response up to 6 months post‐vaccination |
|
COVID‐19/APC Shenzhen Geno‐Immune Medical Institute |
Lentivirus‐transduced APC | China | 100 (1) | Group 1: 5 × 106 APCs |
Day 0: Prime Day 14: Boost Day 28: Boost |
Cellular response at days 14 and 28 post‐prime |
| COVID‐19 Synthetic Minigene Vaccine Shenzhen Geno‐Immune Medical Institute | LV‐DCs and antigen‐specific CTLs | China | 100 (1) | Group 1: 5 × 106 LV‐DCs and 1 × 108 CTLs | Day 0: Prime | No immunological outcomes assessed |
| Inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 Sinovac Research & Development (Beijing, China) | SARS‐CoV‐2 virus inactivated by β‐propiolactone | China | 744 (6) |
Group 1 and 4: 600 SU/0·5 ml Group 2 and 5: 1200SU/0·5 ml Group 3 and 6: Placebo |
Day 0 (all groups): Prime Day 14 (Groups 1,2 and 3): Boost Day 28 (Groups 4, 5 and 6): Boost |
Group 1,2,3: Total and neutralizing antibodies at day 7,14, 21, 28 and 42, cellular response at day 14 and 28 Group 4, 5, 6: Total and neutralizing antibodies at days 28, 35, 42 and 56, cellular response at days 14 and 42 |
Abbreviations: APC, antigen‐presenting cell; COVID‐19, coronavirus disease 2019; CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocyte; LV‐DC, lentivirus‐transduced dendritic cell; MERS, Middle East respiratory syndrome; SARS‐CoV‐2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
The table lists: vaccine name, vaccine platform, the trial location, the trial size and number of trial groups, dosing size, vaccination regimen and the primary immunological objective of the trial.
Data sourced from clinicaltrials.gov identifiers: Moderna: NCT04283461, BioNTech: EudraCT 2020‐001038‐36, Inovio: NCT04336410, Symvivo: NCT04334980, CanSino: NCT04313127, University of Oxford: NCT04324606, Shenzhen Geno‐Immune Medical Institute: NCT04299724 & NCT04276896, Sinovac Biotech: NCT04352608.