Table 3.

Changes of the outcomes after the intervention with calorie restricted diets and polyphenols.

Reference	Body weight (kg)		BMI (kg/m2)		WC (cm)		Body fat		Other outcomes
	Mean/SD		Mean /SD		Mean/SD		Mean/SD
	CRD	CRD-PP	CRD	CRD-PP	CRD	CRD-PP	CRD	CRD-PP
Ibero-Baraibar et al. (32)	−2.5*	−2.7*	−0.9*	−1.0*	−4.3*	−5.2*	−1.3* BF% −1.9* TF%	−1.5* BF% −2.74* TF%	↔ glucose, insulin, LDL, HDL, TG ↓ oxLDL greater in CRD-PP
Mielgo-Ayuso et al. (33)	−7.7*	−7.6*	−3.0*	−3.0*	−4.0*	−5.0*	−4.6* BF	−4.9* BF	↔ fat oxidation, glucose, insulin, TC, HDL, LDL, CRP, RMR, IR.
Silver et al. (34)	−6.7*/ 3.1	Gf:−5.8*/3.1 Gfj:−5.9*/3.6	−2.1* /1.1	Gf:−1.6*/1.6 Gfj:−1.9*/1.4	−5.4* /4.8	Gf: - 4.0*/4.1 Gfj:−5.5*/4.7	−1.2*/2.6 BF% −1.2*/2.6 TF%	Gf:−1.1*/1.8 BF% Gfj:−1.1*/1.9 BF% Gf:−1.4*/2.9 TF% Gfj:−1.7*/2.6 TF%	↔ appetite, glucose, insulin, REE, RQ, IR, BP, TC, LDL, BLM. ⊑ HDL greater in Gfj.
Diepvens et al. (35)	−4.19* /1.3	−4.21* /2.7	−1.5*	−1.5*	−3.6*	−4.5*	−3.9* BF	−3.8* BF	↔ REE, RQ, SBP, DBP, HR. ⊑ appetite only in CRD-PP.

BF, total body fat mass (kg); BF%, total body fat percentage; BLM, body lean mass; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CRD, calorie restricted diet intervention group; CRD-PP, calorie restricted plus polyphenol intervention group(s); CRP, C-reactive protein; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; Gf, grapefruit; Gfj, grapefruit juice; HDL, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; HR, heart rate; IR, insulin resistance; LDL, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; oxLDL, oxidized low density lipoprotein cholesterol; REE, resting energy expenditure; RMR, resting metabolic rate; RQ, respiratory quotient; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SD, standard deviation; TC, total cholesterol; TF%, trunk fat percentage; WC, waist circumference.

^*Significant changes within group (p ≤ 0.05).

^↑Significant increase within group (p ≤ 0.05).

^↓Significant decrease within group (p ≤ 0.05).

^↔Not significant changes between groups (CRD-PP vs CRD, p > 0.05).