Table 4.
Changes of the outcomes after the intervention with physical activity programs and polyphenols.
| References, Country | Body weight (kg) | BMI (kg/m2) | WC (cm) | Body fat | Other outcomes | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SEM) | Mean (SEM) | Mean (SEM) | Mean (SEM) | ||||||
| PA | PA-PP | PA | PA-PP | PA | PA-PP | PA | PA-PP | ||
| Barsalani et al. (26) | 0.3 | −1.5 | 0.0 | −0.8 | −5.1* | −6.6* | −2.4* BF | −2.5* BF |
↔ BLM, glucose, insulin, IR, HDL, LDL. ↓ GGT, FLI (greater in PA-PP). |
| Llaneza et al. (27) | 0.0 | −2.6* | −0.6 | 2.0 | 5.3 BF | −4.8* BF |
↔ leptin, CRP, BLM, HDL, LDL, TC, TG. ↓ glucose, IR, TNF-a (greater in PA-PP). |
||
| Choquete et al. (28) | −0.8 | −0.7 | −0.3 | −0.3 | −5.5* | −5.4* | −1.0* BF −0.5 TF |
−1.7* BF −0.8* TF |
↔ glucose, insulin, IR, LDL, HDL, TC. ↑ LMM only in PA-PP. |
| Llaneza et al. (37) | −0.6 | −1.0 | −0.9 | −2.7 | 10.9 BF% | 3.5 BF% |
↔ BLM, insulin, IR, BP, HDL, LDL, CRP, TNF-a. ↑ adiponectin only in PA-PP. |
||
| Llaneza et al. (38) | −0.9 | −0.2 | −0.6 | −0.2 | −1.6 | −0.1 | −6.1 BF% | −4.3 BF% |
↔ BLM, HDL, LDL, TG, TC, SBP, DBP. ↓ IR only in PA-PP. |
| Orsatti et al. (39) | 0.8 BF −0.6 TF | 0.7 BF −1.1 TF | ↔ body muscle mass. | ||||||
| Aubertin-Leheudre et al. (40) | −1.0 | −4.0* | 0.0 | −2.0* | −1.3 BF −0.39 AB |
−2.9*
BF −1.9* AB |
↔ glucose, insulin, TC, LDL, HDL, TG, CRP. ↓ FFM/FM only in PA-PP |
||
| Hill et al. (41) | −0.45 (0.27) |
0.08 (0.21) |
−0.16 (0.1) |
0.03 (0.08) |
−2.69* (0.55) |
−1.02*
(0.64) |
−0.8*
BF (0.2) |
−0.2* BF (0.3) |
↔ BLM, glucose, leptin, adiponectin, lipids, CRP, BP, ↓ glucose in subjects with GI (greater in PA-PP). |
| Gahreman et al. (42) | −1.7* | −1.6* | −0.5* | −0.6* | −4.4* | −3.3* | −2.0*
BF −0.1* AB |
−2.3*
BF −0.2* AB |
↔ fat oxidation, BLM, RER, HR, VO2, glucose, LDL, HDL, TG. |
| Maki et al. (43) | −1.0* | −2.2* | −3.5* BF% −0.3 AB% |
−5.2* BF% −7.7* AB% |
↔ LDL, HDL, TC. ↓ TG (greater in PA-PP). | ||||
| Faghihzadeh et al. (36) | −1.1* | −0.9* | −0.4* | −0.4 | −0.9* | −1.3* |
↔ CRP, TNF-a, AST. ↓ ALT, IL-6 only in PA-PP. ↓ liver steatosis (greater in PA-PP). |
||
AB, abdominal fat mass (kg); AB%, abdominal fat percentage; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BF, total body fat mass (kg); BF%, total body fat percentage; BLM, body lean mass; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CRP, C-reactive protein; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FFM/FM, fat free mass/fat mass ratio; FLI, fatty liver index; HDL, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; HR, heart rate; GGT, g-glutamyltransferase; GI, glucose intolerance; IL-6, interleukin-6; IR, insulin resistance; LDL, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; LMM, leg muscle mass; PA, physical activity intervention group; PA-PP, physical activity plus polyphenol intervention group(s); REE, resting energy expenditure; RER, respiratory energy rate; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SEM, standard error of the mean; TC, total cholesterol; TF, trunk fat mass (kg); TG, triglycerides; TNF-a, tumor necrosis factor alpha; WC, waist circumference;VO2, oxygen consumption peak.
Significant changes within group (p ≤ 0.05).
Mean changes in the indicated study are presented with their standard error of the mean.
Significant increase within group (p ≤ 0.05).
Significant decrease within group (p ≤ 0.05).
Not significant changes between groups (PA-PP vs. PA, p > 0.05).