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. 2020 May 26;12(5):192–202. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v12.i5.192

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©The Author(s) 2020. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial.

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Effect of adrenal βarrestin1 knockdown on nicotine-dependent hyperaldosteronism and cardiac dysfunction in vivo. A: Circulating aldosterone levels in rats injected i.p. with 1 mg/kg per day nicotine or saline (control) for 7 consecutive d. ^aP < 0.05; n = 5 rats/group; B: Ejection fraction [EF (%)] of these animals at the end of the saline or nicotine treatments. ^aP < 0.05; n = 5 rats/group; C: Immunoblotting for βarrestin1 in adrenal protein extracts isolated from rats at 7 d post-injection with βarrestin1-specific siRNA or scrambled (Scr) siRNA directly into their adrenal glands. A representative blot of three independent rat adrenal protein extracts is shown, along with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase as loading control, confirming an > 90% βarrestin1 protein knockdown in the adrenal glands in vivo; D: Circulating aldosterone levels of rats having adrenal βarrestin1 knocked-down (rrestin1-specific siRNA) or not (scrambled siRNA-injected, Scr) and treated with 1 mg/ kg per day i.p. nicotine or saline (control) for 7 consecutive d, at the end of these treatments. E: EF (%) of rats having adrenal βarrestin1 knocked-down (rrestin1-specific siRNA) or not (scrambled siRNA-injected, Scr) and treated with 1 mg/kg per day i.p. nicotine or saline (control) for 7 consecutive d, at the end of these treatments. ^aP < 0.05 vs Saline; ^bP < 0.05 vs Scr; n = 5 rats/group. Scr: Scrambled; GAPDH: Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; Arrb1: Arrestin1-sepcific; EF (%): Ejection fraction.