Table 3.

The performance of six DL algorithms for survival analysis of DAE-derived imaging features.

Model	Layer	Node	Batch	PLL	C-index	BS	BLL
Cox-Time	3	32	256	−1.26	0.93	0.02	0.07
Cox-CC	1	32	256	−1.53	0.92	0.03	0.23
PMF	3	64	256	–	0.87	0.11	0.41
N-MTLR	3	32	256	–	0.88	0.05	0.16
Deep-Hit	4	16	256	–	0.93	0.04	0.16
PC-Hazard	4	32	256	–	0.90	0.04	0.13

Note. Cox-Time, a relative risk model that extends Cox regression beyond the proportional hazards. Cox-CC, a proportional version of the Cox-Time model. PMF, a model parametrizing the probability mass function (PMF) and optimizing the survival likelihood. Deep-Hit, a PMF method with a loss for improved ranking that can handle competing risks. N-MTLR, the neural multi-task logistic regression. PC-hazard, a piecewise constant hazard (PC—Hazard) model assuming that the continuous-time hazard function is constant in predefined intervals. C-index, Harrell's concordance index; PLL, partial log-likelihood; BS, brier score; BLL, binomial log-likelihood.