Table 1.

Summary of the Coronavirus vaccines currently licensed in North America.

Virus species	Vaccine type	Route of administration	Indications	Other vaccines added
Canine coronavirus	Inactivated	Subcutaneous intramuscular	Dogs over 6 weeks of age	Adenovirus Distemper Parvovirus Leptospirosis Lyme disease
Feline coronavirus	Modified live	Intranasal	Cats over 16 weeks of age	None
Bovine coronavirus	Modified live	Oral, Intranasal	Neonatal calves	Rotavirus
	Inactivated	Subcutaneous Intramuscular	Healthy Pregnant cattle	Clostridia E. coli
Porcine Epidemic diarrhea virus	Inactivated	Intramuscular	Healthy pregnant sows	None
Transmissible gastroenteritis virus	Inactivated	Intramuscular	Healthy pregnant sows	None
	Modified live	Oral Intramuscular	Healthy pregnant sows
Infectious bronchitis virus	Inactivated	Subcutaneous Intramuscula	Chickens over 12 weeks	Newcastle disease
	Modified live Arkansas Massachusetts Connecticut Georgia Delaware	Aerosol Coarse spray Intranasal Intraocular Drinking water	Chickens 1 day of age	Infectious bursal disease Reovirus