Table 2.
Mean usual nutrient intake (per day) and prevalence of nutrient inadequacy (% < estimated average requirement) by subgroup-season and province.
| Nutrient | Urban Male Summer | Urban Male Winter | Urban Female Summer | Urban Female Winter | Rural Male Summer | Rural Male Winter | Rural Female Summer | Rural Female Winter | Ulaanbaatar | Tuv | Buglan | Khuvsgul | Khovd | Omnogobi | Sukhbaatar | Dornod | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 269 DR | 230 DR | 278 DR | 246 DR | 216 DR | 200 DR | 206 DR | 193 DR | 219 DR | 227 DR | 239 DR | 231 DR | 228 DR | 241 DR | 227 DR | 226 DR | ||
| Mean Usual Intake (per day) | Energy (kcal) | 2972 | 2897 | 2339 | 2069 | 2752 | 3266 | 2113 | 2214 | 2603 | 2664 | 2359 | 2634 | 2857 | 2407 | 2441 | 2478 |
| Protein (g) | 160.96 | 161.56 | 113.10 | 101.98 | 145.41 | 171.62 | 103.99 | 115.10 | 136.30 | 149.76 | 119.60 | 128.01 | 139.26 | 130.71 | 132.66 | 124.68 | |
| per kg | 2.1 | 2.1 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.8 | |
| % total energy | 21.3 | 22.4 | 19.1 | 20.1 | 21.0 | 21.5 | 19.9 | 21.4 | 20.9 | 21.6 | 20.4 | 19.3 | 19.5 | 21.8 | 21.4 | 20.4 | |
| Available carbohydrates (g) | 284.73 | 267.29 | 240.22 | 211.99 | 256.70 | 295.44 | 208.60 | 213.22 | 253.82 | 250.57 | 227.59 | 258.22 | 267.06 | 230.48 | 237.75 | 245.51 | |
| % total energy | 40.8 | 38.8 | 43.8 | 42.4 | 37.8 | 37.4 | 40.2 | 39.5 | 41.2 | 38.9 | 39.8 | 41.8 | 38.9 | 40.0 | 40.9 | 41.6 | |
| Total fat (g) | 121.15 | 120.32 | 97.58 | 85.47 | 117.75 | 144.80 | 92.97 | 96.28 | 109.79 | 111.51 | 103.89 | 111.30 | 128.98 | 99.32 | 98.11 | 102.98 | |
| % total energy | 36.0 | 37.4 | 36.6 | 37.0 | 37.5 | 39.8 | 39.2 | 38.9 | 37.6 | 36.1 | 38.9 | 37.1 | 41.0 | 36.9 | 36.5 | 36.9 | |
| Alcohol, (g) | 6.86 | 7.00 | 1.66 | 0.94 | 14.98 | 5.15 | 2.66 | 0.37 | 1.15 | 15.91 | 2.68 | 7.38 | 3.13 | 6.02 | 4.65 | 4.97 | |
| % total energy | 2.0 | 1.4 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 3.7 | 1.2 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 3.4 | 0.8 | 1.8 | 0.6 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.0 | |
| Fiber (g) | 11.7 | 10.9 | 11.0 | 9.1 | 9.3 | 10.7 | 7.2 | 7.9 | 11.1 | 9.7 | 8.8 | 9.7 | 10.6 | 8.9 | 9.1 | 10.3 | |
| Phytosterols (mg) | 455 | 431 | 386 | 333 | 416 | 500 | 328 | 353 | 409 | 397 | 384 | 365 | 440 | 388 | 386 | 408 | |
| Calcium (mg) | 663 | 518 | 594 | 461 | 1361 | 730 | 852 | 515 | 541 | 1092 | 573 | 709 | 626 | 640 | 683 | 757 | |
| Phytate:Ca molar ratio | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Copper (mg) | 1.933 | 1.932 | 1.731 | 1.322 | 2.642 | 2.078 | 2.101 | 1.405 | 1.723 | 1.777 | 1.603 | 1.872 | 2.060 | 1.860 | 2.013 | 2.056 | |
| Iron (mg) | 20.61 | 20.86 | 15.49 | 13.48 | 18.98 | 23.38 | 14.52 | 16.18 | 17.77 | 18.45 | 15.02 | 18.84 | 19.84 | 16.99 | 17.72 | 17.79 | |
| Phytate:Fe molar ratio | 2.1 | 1.9 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.0 | 2.4 | 2.0 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.3 | |
| Magnesium (mg) | 345 | 367 | 277 | 251 | 351 | 389 | 244 | 277 | 316 | 367 | 284 | 323 | 329 | 274 | 302 | 309 | |
| Manganese (mg) | 4.170 | 4.054 | 3.266 | 2.663 | 3.166 | 4.056 | 2.411 | 2.966 | 3.584 | 3.345 | 3.163 | 3.526 | 3.818 | 2.967 | 3.054 | 3.200 | |
| Phosphorus (mg) | 1501 | 1519 | 1145 | 1042 | 1649 | 1864 | 1251 | 1260 | 1303 | 1497 | 1203 | 1376 | 1591 | 1355 | 1363 | 1392 | |
| Potassium (mg) | 3234 | 3478 | 2473 | 2335 | 2996 | 3538 | 2166 | 2457 | 2892 | 3153 | 2532 | 2789 | 2948 | 2670 | 2788 | 2724 | |
| Zinc (mg) | 22.32 | 24.79 | 16.95 | 15.23 | 20.50 | 25.37 | 14.61 | 16.56 | 21.05 | 19.99 | 18.13 | 19.70 | 21.16 | 19.60 | 18.43 | 18.13 | |
| Phytate:Zn molar ratio | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.6 | |
| Vitamin A (ug retinol eq.) | 577 | 559 | 628 | 413 | 1008 | 490 | 808 | 308 | 526 | 514 | 507 | 653 | 611 | 551 | 632 | 680 | |
| % retinol | 51.8 | 54.8 | 63.0 | 59.4 | 73.6 | 67.3 | 80.6 | 68.5 | 55.4 | 61.5 | 59.1 | 64.4 | 66.7 | 67.5 | 70.1 | 69.7 | |
| Thiamin (mg) | 1.259 | 1.112 | 1.027 | 0.810 | 1.414 | 1.156 | 0.970 | 0.811 | 1.096 | 1.203 | 0.839 | 1.230 | 1.125 | 0.970 | 0.980 | 1.203 | |
| Riboflavin (mg) | 2.178 | 2.040 | 1.801 | 1.397 | 2.672 | 2.358 | 2.225 | 1.560 | 1.827 | 1.846 | 1.564 | 2.173 | 2.261 | 2.010 | 2.157 | 2.197 | |
| Niacin (mg) | 27.406 | 27.237 | 19.954 | 16.250 | 24.086 | 27.311 | 17.022 | 17.575 | 23.778 | 22.445 | 18.710 | 23.653 | 23.452 | 22.323 | 21.217 | 21.622 | |
| Pantothenic acid (mg) | 7.569 | 7.480 | 5.605 | 4.998 | 7.638 | 8.093 | 5.812 | 5.641 | 6.568 | 6.637 | 5.583 | 6.472 | 7.318 | 6.346 | 7.020 | 6.660 | |
| Vitamin B6 (mg) | 1.332 | 1.480 | 0.920 | 0.917 | 1.018 | 1.394 | 0.786 | 0.980 | 1.156 | 1.138 | 0.939 | 1.195 | 1.050 | 1.026 | 1.103 | 1.119 | |
| Folate (ug DFE) | 166 | 163 | 143 | 119 | 170 | 191 | 128 | 135 | 142 | 149 | 133 | 162 | 219 | 140 | 127 | 138 | |
| Vitamin B12 (ug) | 13.18 | 12.22 | 8.31 | 6.86 | 17.64 | 12.96 | 15.15 | 8.79 | 10.81 | 10.70 | 9.60 | 10.27 | 13.28 | 12.21 | 13.87 | 11.66 | |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 35.3 | 42.2 | 33.2 | 38.0 | 25.6 | 22.7 | 17.6 | 13.4 | 38.3 | 28.0 | 21.0 | 31.7 | 31.8 | 26.5 | 21.8 | 24.4 | |
| Vitamin D (IU) | 39 | 31 | 34 | 27 | 45 | 43 | 36 | 25 | 40 | 37 | 31 | 35 | 27 | 43 | 36 | 36 | |
| Vitamin E (mg) | 8.31 | 8.62 | 6.88 | 5.60 | 6.86 | 9.25 | 5.49 | 6.73 | 7.92 | 7.36 | 6.77 | 7.08 | 8.94 | 6.65 | 6.02 | 6.98 | |
| Prevalence of Inadequacy (% < EAR) | Protein (per kg) | 0.0 | 0.2 | 2.6 | 3.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Calcium | 74.1 | 94.6 | 85.4 | 95.3 | 31.8 | 66.7 | 55.5 | 88.9 | 93.7 | 40.8 | 88.7 | 71.5 | 95.2 | 78.5 | 72.6 | 65.8 | |
| Copper | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 2.8 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Iron | 0.0 | 0.0 | 19.0 | 21.4 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 15.7 | 14.1 | 7.5 | 7.4 | 7.5 | 6.6 | 7.3 | 8.9 | 7.4 | 6.9 | |
| Magnesium | 51.6 | 47.6 | 48.5 | 60.1 | 55.5 | 33.4 | 64.6 | 47.9 | 48.1 | 33.6 | 64.6 | 42.3 | 43.6 | 66.2 | 54.8 | 54.5 | |
| Phosphorus | 0.0 | 0.1 | 5.0 | 9.6 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 1.7 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Zinc | 0.1 | 0.2 | 1.7 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 2.1 | |
| Vitamin A | 65.8 | 68.9 | 48.5 | 73.5 | 41.8 | 75.9 | 20.4 | 89.7 | 65.5 | 66.5 | 66.9 | 41.3 | 45.6 | 61.0 | 51.0 | 29.1 | |
| Thiamin | 28.9 | 43.8 | 46.5 | 67.0 | 27.1 | 35.8 | 44.3 | 67.5 | 45.0 | 26.5 | 69.7 | 28.0 | 20.3 | 52.0 | 49.3 | 35.1 | |
| Riboflavin | 2.5 | 0.7 | 3.8 | 13.5 | 3.7 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 4.1 | 4.7 | 0.0 | 7.9 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 2.2 | |
| Niacin | 0.2 | 0.6 | 8.1 | 12.6 | 2.5 | 0.3 | 5.5 | 8.6 | 5.0 | 1.9 | 11.1 | 0.7 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 0.2 | 8.4 | |
| Vitamin B6 | 35.7 | 27.9 | 74.1 | 77.4 | 67.5 | 23.5 | 90.7 | 72.1 | 53.1 | 54.8 | 86.8 | 52.1 | 62.8 | 65.3 | 59.8 | 58.1 | |
| Folate | 98.7 | 97.9 | 96.4 | 98.9 | 95.8 | 93.0 | 99.9 | 98.3 | 99.3 | 99.5 | 99.7 | 98.1 | 89.6 | 99.2 | 100.0 | 98.6 | |
| Vitamin B12 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Vitamin C | 98.9 | 98.7 | 96.1 | 87.4 | 99.7 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 98.0 | 100.0 | 99.0 | 98.1 | 98.3 | 100.0 | 99.9 | |
| Vitamin D | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | |
| Vitamin E | 95.3 | 89.0 | 94.1 | 98.2 | 95.7 | 88.7 | 100.0 | 93.9 | 95.7 | 97.6 | 97.8 | 98.1 | 90.9 | 96.6 | 99.8 | 94.6 |
The total number of diet records (DR) available for analysis are listed below each column heading. Within subgroup-seasons and provinces, usual intakes of all nutrients (except alcohol) and nutrient adequacy prevalence are estimated using habitual intake models analyzing up to 3 or 6 record days per person, respectively, while nutrient proportions and ratios are calculated using the sequential averaging procedures described in the footnote to Table 1. Depending on data availability, usual alcohol intake is estimated either using episodic intake models or calculated by sequential averaging. Estimated average requirements are drawn from the Dietary Reference Intakes of the National Academy of Medicine [33]. Intake models are estimated using SPADE [31]. Statistics are weighted by weekday of each record day. Shading is proportional to nutrient inadequacy prevalence (white: 0.0%, red: 100.0%).