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. 2020 May 11;9(5):608. doi: 10.3390/plants9050608

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Overview of upstream open reading frame (uORF)-mediated repression of gene expression. (A) The uORF mRNA is translated into protein by ribosomes. (B) On the other hand, uORF-mediated repression of the main ORF (mORF) occurs in polycistronic uORF+ mRNA. Translation repression of an mORF occurs by ribosome releasing after uORF translation or ribosome stalling in the uORF. Some are eliminated by RNA decay pathways like nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).