Table 5.

Design layouts and their frequencies (n=22).

Design layout	Description	Usage, n (%)
Data clustering and aberration detection, alarms and alerts (DCADAA)	This layout consists of obtaining data first. Then clustering and aberration detection are done, followed by generating alarms to create alerts of aberrations [16].	12 (55)
Data clustering and aberration detection, visualization, alarms and alerts (DCAVAA)	A visualizing module is built in addition to processes defined in DCADAA [24].	1 (5)
Data cleaning and transformation, clustering and aberration detection visualization, alarms and alerts	In addition to the DCAVAA layer, this layer has data cleaning and transformation features.	3 (14)
Data clustering, filtering or categorizing, aberration detection, alarms and alerts	In addition to DCADAA, this layout filters data or categorizes the data into some defined groups, either manually or by employing machine learning techniques.	2 (9)
Data clustering and aberration detection, privacy-preserving mechanism (DPVCAAA)	In addition to DCAVAA, this layout has privacy-preserving mechanisms, such as anonymization and pseudonymization [27,48].	2 (9)
Real time, privacy-preserving mechanism, data clustering and aberration detection, alerts and alarms	On top of the DPVCAAA layout, there is an additional module for real-time data processing [24,48].	1 (5)
User tracking, data clustering, aberration detection, visualization, alarms and alerts	In addition to DCAVAA, this layout tracks the user’s movement to obtain data. This is followed by validating the data before clustering and aberration detection [24,25].	1 (5)