. 2020 May 22;12(5):1510. doi: 10.3390/nu12051510

Table 1.

Study sample characteristics by gender, the NHANES 2005–2008.

	Men			Women			P_gender
	N	Mean/%	(SE)	N	Mean/%	(SE)
Age (years):
Mean ± SEM		48.5	0.5		50.1	0.5	<0.001
Race/Ethnicity:							0.28
Mexican American		7.6	0.01		6.7	0.01
Other Hispanic		3.6	0.01		3.6	0.01
Non-Hispanic White		75.9	0.02		75.1	0.02
Non-Hispanic Black		8.1	0.01		9.6	0.01
Other		4.8	0.01		5.0	0.01
Education:							0.25
<Less Than 9th Grade		5.4	0.01		4.9	0.01
9–11th Grade		10.7	0.01		11.4	0.01
High School Grad/GED or Equivalent		24.6	0.01		23.9	0.01
Some College or AA Degree		28.1	0.01		31.0	0.01
College Graduate or Above		31.2	0.02		28.8	0.02
Marital Status:							<0.001
Married/Living with Partner		77.8	0.02		67.5	0.02
Other		22.2	0.02		32.5	0.02
Poverty-Income Ratio:							0.11
<100%		8.0	0.01		9.5	0.01
100%–<200%		16.2	0.01		17.0	0.01
≥200%		75.8	0.02		73.5	0.02
Smoking Status:							<0.001
Never Smoker		47.5	0.02		57.8	0.01
Ex-Smoker		29.7	0.01		23.2	0.01
Current Smoker		22.8	0.01		19.0	0.01
Alcohol Consumption (≥12 glasses in past 12 months):							<0.001
Yes		85.8	0.01		67.3	0.02
No		14.2	0.01		32.7	0.02
Physical Activity:							0.062
Yes		46.3	0.03		42.2	0.03
No		53.7	0.03		57.8	0.03
Body Mass Index (kg/m²):
Mean ± SEM		29.1	0.18		28.6	0.25	0.012
Self-Rated Health:							0.74
Excellent/Very Good/Good		87.0	0.0		87.0	0.01
Fair/Poor		13.0	0.0		12.6	0.01
Allostatic load
Mean ± SEM		3.08	0.04		2.61	0.05	<0.001
DASH Diet Total Score
Mean ± SEM		1.93	0.04		2.36	0.05	<0.001
DASH Diet Component 1: Saturated Fat
Mean ± SEM		0.254	0.007		0.260	0.011	0.55
DASH Diet Component 2: Total Fat
Mean ± SEM		0.265	0.009		0.274	0.009	0.51
DASH Diet Component 3: Protein
Mean ± SEM		0.354	0.012		0.342	0.013	0.34
DASH Diet Component 4: Cholesterol
Mean ± SEM		0.245	0.009		0.290	0.010	0.001
DASH Diet Component 5: Fiber
Mean ± SEM		0.121	0.010		0.205	0.011	<0.001
DASH Diet Component 6: Magnesium
Mean ± SEM		0.142	0.008		0.243	0.011	<0.001
DASH Diet Component 7: Calcium
Mean ± SEM		0.308	0.009		0.437	0.012	<0.001
DASH Diet Component 8: Potassium
Mean ± SEM		0.106	0.005		0.202	0.009	<0.001
DASH Diet Component 9: Sodium
Mean ± SEM		0.134	0.008		0.113	0.006	0.040
Sleep Quality Measures
Factor 1: Sleepiness and Sleep Disturbance
Mean ± SEM		−0.059	0.026		+0.161	0.024	<0.001
Factor 2: Poor Sleep-Related Daytime Dysfunction
Mean ± SEM		+0.013	0.023		+0.041	0.024	0.44

Abbreviations: DASH—Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; nc—not computed; NHANES—National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys; SEM—Standard Error of the Mean. N—1922 among men and N—2019 among women.