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. 2020 May 11;12(5):442. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050442

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Biogenesis and composition of EVs. (A) Exosomes are generated by inward budding during endocytosis. Early and late sorting endosomes are assembled within MVBs, where specific exosomal cargos are sorted into exosomes. MVs are generated by plasma membrane budding. (B) A typical EV generally comprises proteins, lipids, RNAs, and genetic material. Proteins in EVs include transmembrane or lipid-bound extracellular proteins (CD63, CD9, CD81, etc.), cytosolic proteins (Alix, TSG101, etc.), intracellular proteins (HSPs). An EV also contains lipids (ceramide), RNAs (mRNA, miRNA, etc.), and DNAs (fragments). EV: extracellular vesicle; MVB: multivesicular body; MV: microvesicle; CD: cluster of differentiation; TSG101: tumor susceptible factor 101; HSP: heat shock protein; mRNA: messenger RNA; miRNA: microRNA. Figure created with BioRender.

Biogenesis and composition of EVs. (A) Exosomes are generated by inward budding during endocytosis. Early and late sorting endosomes are assembled within MVBs, where specific exosomal cargos are sorted into exosomes. MVs are generated by plasma membrane budding. (B) A typical EV generally comprises proteins, lipids, RNAs, and genetic material. Proteins in EVs include transmembrane or lipid-bound extracellular proteins (CD63, CD9, CD81, etc.), cytosolic proteins (Alix, TSG101, etc.), intracellular proteins (HSPs). An EV also contains lipids (ceramide), RNAs (mRNA, miRNA, etc.), and DNAs (fragments). EV: extracellular vesicle; MVB: multivesicular body; MV: microvesicle; CD: cluster of differentiation; TSG101: tumor susceptible factor 101; HSP: heat shock protein; mRNA: messenger RNA; miRNA: microRNA. Figure created with BioRender.