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Illustration of methods of loading therapeutics into EVs and EVMs. Starting from the top, left to right: incubation, sonication, freeze-thaw, saponification, transfection reagents, electroporation, extrusion, parent cell treatment with drugs, and the gene engineering of parental cells. EV, extracellular vesicle; EVMs, extracellular vesicle mimetics. Figure created with BioRender.
