Table 3.
Body weight, BMI, biochemical analysis, mRNA, and plasma sterol concentrations of moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects after supplementation.
| n | Placebo | Phyto | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weight (kg) | 38 | 64.9 ± 10.2 | 65.1 ± 10.3 | 0.08 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 38 | 25.4 ± 0.4 | 25.4 ± 0.4 | 0.89 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 38 | 261 ± 7.1 | 244 ± 5.8 * | <0.001 |
| HDL-c (mg/dL) | 38 | 46 ± 1.7 | 48 ± 1.9 | 0.54 |
| LDL-c (mg/dL) | 38 | 183 ± 5.9 | 169 ± 5.2 * | 0.001 |
| Apo B (mg/dL) | 38 | 126 ± 3.7 | 118 ± 3.2 * | 0.006 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 38 | 154 ± 10 | 133 ± 7 * | 0.008 |
| Fibrinogen (mg/dL) | 25 | 3.6 ± 0.5 | 3.5 ± 0.5 | 0.79 |
| hs-CRP (mg/L) | 30 | 3.1 ± 0.4 | 3.1 ± 0.4 | 0.96 |
| SAA (mg/L) | 33 | 6.78 ± 0.52 | 5.94 ± 0.51 | 0.16 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 33 | 2.69 ± 1.03 | 2.24 ± 1.01 | 0.25 |
| TNFα (pg/mL) | 36 | 1.35 ± 0.07 | 1.28 ± 0.06 | 0.19 |
| VCAM-1(ng/mL) | 38 | 469 ± 127 | 472 ± 118 | 0.69 |
| ET-1 (pg/mL) | 24 | 1.31 ± 0.09 | 1.13 ± 0.09 * | 0.02 |
| HMGCoAr/Actb (fold change) | 21 | 1.10 ± 0.20 | 1.05 ± 0.16 | 0.70 |
| LDLr/Actb (fold change) | 17 | 1.24 ± 0.23 | 1.26 ± 0.21 | 0.66 |
| Plasma Sterols Expressed as µg/ mg Cholesterol | ||||
| Lathosterol | 38 | 1.53 ± 0.09 | 1.69 ± 0.06 * | 0.01 |
| Campesterol | 38 | 1.96 ± 0.12 | 2.34 ± 0.11 * | 0.02 |
| β-sitosterol | 38 | 1.64 ± 0.09 | 2.02 ± 0.09 * | <0.001 |
| Lathosterol/campesterol ratio | 38 | 0.85 ± 0.05 | 0.76 ± 0.03 * | <0.001 |
| Lathosterol/β-sitosterol ratio | 38 | 1.03 ± 0.05 | 0.88 ± 0.04 * | <0.001 |
hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; SAA, serum amyloid A; IL-6, interleukin-6; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor-α; ET-1, endothelin-1; VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Data shown as mean ± SEM. Placebo vs. Phyto * p < 0.05.