Table 1.
Mitochondria genome structures in different classes.
| Phylogeny | Organism | mtDNA Size (Kb) | Accession No. | C→U Editing | Group I Introns*1 | Group II Introns | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bacteria | Rickettsia*2 | Rickettsia proazekii | (1109.3) | NC_020993 | - | - | - |
| Plantae | Green Alga | Caulerpa ashmeadii | 197.4 | NC-045849 | - | - | - |
| Chara vulgaris | 67.7 | NC-005255 | - | 13 | 14 | ||
| Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | 15.8 | NC-001638 | - | - | - | ||
| Chloroparvula pacifica | 49.7 | NC-042603 | (?)*3 | 2 | - | ||
| Land Plants*4 | Arabidopsis thalianaA | 367.8 | NC-037304 | + | - | 23 | |
| Climacium americanumB | 105.1 | NC_024515 | + | 2 | 23 | ||
| Brassica oleracea (Cauliflower)A | 360.2 | NC-016118 | + | - | 23 | ||
| Ginkgo bilobaG | 346.5 | NC_027976 | + | - | 20 | ||
| Oryza sativa (Rice)A | 491.5 | NC_007886 | + | - | 25 | ||
| Silene latifoliaA | 253.4 | NC_014487 | + | - | 13 | ||
| Triticum aestivum (Wheat)A | 452.5 | NC-036024 | + | - | 23 | ||
| Welwitschia mirabilisG | 978.9 | NC_029130 | + | - | 17 | ||
| Zea mays (Corn)A | 569.6 | NC-007982 | + | - | 22 | ||
| Fungi | Pichia canadensis | 27.7 | NC-001762 | - | 2 | - | |
| Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 78.9 | NC-027264 | - | 3 | 9 | ||
| Schizosaccharomyces pombe | 19.4 | NC-001326 | - | 2 | 1 | ||
| Animalia | Insects | Anopheles gambiae (Mosquito) | 15.4 | NC-002084 | - | - | - |
| Apis mellifera (Honeybee) | 16.3 | NC-001566 | - | - | - | ||
| Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit Fly) | 19.5 | NC-024511 | - | - | - | ||
| Formica fusca (Black Ant) | 16.6 | NC-026132 | - | - | - | ||
| Chnidarians | Aurelia aurita | 16.9 | NC-008446 | - | - | - | |
| Chrysopathes formosa | 18.4 | NC-008411 | - | 1 | - | ||
| Hydra oligactis | 16.3 | NC-010214 | - | - | - | ||
| Metridium senile | 17.4 | NC-000933 | - | 2 | - | ||
| Mammals | Mus musculus (Mouse) | 16.3 | NC-005089 | - | - | - | |
| Pan troglodytes (Chimpanzee) | 16.6 | NC-001643 | - | - | - | ||
| Homo sapiens (Human) | 16.6 | NC-012920 | - | - | - | ||
| Homo sapiens neanderthalensis | 16.6 | NC-011137 | - | - | - | ||
| Protista | Dictyostelium discoideum | 55.6 | NC-000895 | - | 6 | - | |
| Monosiga brevicollis | 76.6 | NC-004309 | - | 4 | - | ||
*1 A group I intron is found in the cox1 gene in the mtDNA of some angiosperms [69]; *2 Genome sequencing suggests that an intracellular parasitic α-proteobacterial, like Rickettsia, share a common ancestor with modern mitochondria [70]; *3 A Putative editing site in trnI-CAU [71]; *4 A, Angiosperms; B, Bryophyta; G, gymnosperms.