Table 4.
Factors affecting grip strength by residential areas.
| Factors | Grip Strength (Reference: Poor) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rural area | Urban Area | Metropolitan Area | |||||||||||
| Exp (B) | 95.0% CI for Exp (B) | p Value | Exp (B) | 95.0% CI for Exp (B) | p Value | Exp (B) | 95.0% CI for Exp (B) | p Value | |||||
| Lower | Upper | Lower | Upper | Lower | Upper | ||||||||
| Model One | Dietary pattern (reference: Cluster Three) | ||||||||||||
| Cluster One | 1.555 | 0.963 | 2.510 | 0.071 | 2.063 | 1.349 | 3.156 | 0.001 | 2.398 | 1.572 | 3.659 | <0.001 | |
| Cluster Two | 1.668 | 0.914 | 3.044 | 0.096 | 1.869 | 1.004 | 3.478 | 0.049 | 8.610 | 3.738 | 19.835 | <0.001 | |
| Model Two | Dietary pattern (reference: Cluster Three) | ||||||||||||
| Cluster One | 0.948 | 0.544 | 1.650 | 0.849 | 1.248 | 0.709 | 2.197 | 0.441 | 1.987 | 1.135 | 3.479 | 0.016 | |
| Cluster Two | 0.994 | 0.444 | 2.227 | 0.989 | 1.035 | 0.506 | 2.119 | 0.925 | 4.671 | 1.701 | 12.827 | 0.003 | |
CI: confidence interval. P values were determined by complex sample multiple logistic regression analysis. Cluster One: diet dominant in fruits and fish; Cluster Two: diet dominant in meats; Cluster Three: diet dominant in white rice and kimchi. Model One was unadjusted. Model Two was adjusted for gender (men = 1, women = 0), age (continuous), marital status (living alone = 1, living together = 0), education (≤ elementary school = 3, middle school = 2, high school = 1, ≥ college = 0), income (low = 3, low-medium = 2, high-medium = 1, high = 0), muscular exercise (no = 1, yes = 0), smoking status (current smoking = 1, past / non-smoking = 0), high-risk drinking (no = 1, yes = 0), hypertension (no = 1, yes = 0), diabetes mellitus (no = 1, yes = 0), dyslipidemia (no = 1, yes = 0), arthritis (no = 1, yes = 0), and body mass index (continuous).