Table 1.
Nanoprecipitation method for encapsulating essential oils in polymeric nanocapsules.
| Essential Oil | Source of Essential oil | Part of the Plant | Solvent Phase | Non Solvent Phase | Biological Properties | Application | Ref. | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Polymer | Surfactant | Solvent | Surfactant | Solvent | Size (nm) |
Z. Pot (mV) |
EE (%) |
||||||
| Palmarosa | Cymbopogon martini Roxb. | Leaves | PCL | Lecithin | Acetone | Pluronic F68 | Water | 282.1 | −27.2 | 99.54 | Antioxidant Antimicrobial |
Cosmetic | [65] |
| Thyme | Thymus vulgaris L. | Stem + leaves | Eudragit®L100-55 | / | Acetone: Isopropanol |
PVA | Water | 153.9 | −4.11 | 52.81 | Antioxidant | Food | [68] |
| Thymus serpyllum L. | Stem + leaves | Chitosan | / | Acetic acid | / | Methanol | / | / | 68 | Antimicrobial | Agriculture | [73] | |
| Chitosan | / | Acetic acid | / | Methanol | 117–226 | +27 | / | Antimicrobial | Agriculture | [81] | |||
| Thymus leptobotrys L. | Aerial part | Eudragit RS 100 | / | Ethanol | / | Water | 144 | +80.9 | / | Bacteriostatic Fungistatic |
Medicine | [75] | |
| Thymus satureoides L. | Aerial part | Eudragit RS 100 | / | Ethanol | / | Water | 132 | 81.6 | / | Bacteriostatic Fungistatic |
Medicine | [75] | |
| Bergamot | Citrus bergamia Risso. | Peels of fruit | Eudragit®RS100 | / | Acetone | / | Water | 57 to 208 | 39 to 74 | 28–84 | Antimicrobial | Food | [69] |
| Sweet orange | Citrus sinensis L. | Peels of fruit | Eudragit®RS100 | / | Acetone | / | Water | 57 to 208 | 39 to 74 | 56–96 | Antimicrobial | Food | [69] |
| Oregano | Origanum Vulgare L. | Leaves | PCL | Span 80 | Acetone | Tween 80 | Water | 181.6 | −40.7 | 85.9 | Antimicrobial | Textile | [95] |
| Rosemary | Rosmarinus officinalis L. | Aerial parts | Eudragit®EPO | / | Acetone: Isopropanol |
/ | Water | 200 | / | 59 | Antioxidant | Cosmetic | [70] |
| Leaves | PCL | Span 20 | Acetone | Tween 80 | Water | 145 | −11 | 78.2 | Insecticide | Agriculture | [93] | ||
| PCL | Span 20 | Acetone | Tween 80 | Water | 220 | −19.9 | 99 | Antioxidant Analgesic Antimicrobial |
Medicine | [66] | |||
| Lavender | Lavandula dentata L. | Aerial parts | Eudragit®EPO | / | Acetone: isopropanol |
/ | Water | 200 | / | 41 | Antioxidant | Cosmetic | [70] |
| PEO-B-PLA | / | Acetone | / | Water | 10–75 | / | 70–75 | Antimicrobial Sedative |
Textile | [88] | |||
| Nigella | Nigella sativa L. | Seeds | PCL | / | Acetone | PVA Tween 80 |
Water | 230–260 | −30 to −20 | / | Anti-inflammatory | Cosmetic | [90,96] |
| Peppermint | Mentha piperita L. | Aerial parts | Cellulose acetate | / | Acetone | / | Water | 180 | −38 | / | Antimicrobial | Medicine | [71] |
| Cinnamon | Cinnamomum Cassia presl. | Bark | Cellulose acetate | / | Acetone | / | Water | 150 | −40 | / | Antimicrobial | Medicine | [71] |
| Lemongrass | Cymbopogon citratus DC. | Leaves | Cellulose acetate | / | Acetone | / | Water | 200 | −36 | / | Antimicrobial | Medicine | [71] |
| Leaves | PLA | / | Acetone | / | Water | 300 | −6 | / | Antimicrobial | Medicine | [55] | ||
| Pepper tree | Shinus mole L. | Leaves | Chitosan | / | Acetic acid | / | Methanol | 355.3 | / | / | Antifungal | Food | [72] |
| Leaves | Chitosan | / | Acetic acid | / | Methanol | 754 | +9.1 | / | Antifungal | Agriculture | [74] | ||
| Lime |
Citrus aurantiifolia Christm. |
Peels of fruit | Chitosan | / | Acetic acid | / | Methanol | / | +10 | / | Antimicrobial | Food | [82] |
| Peels of fruit | Chitosan | / | Acetic acid | / | Methanol | 250 | +10 | / | Antimicrobial | Agriculture | [81] | ||
| Geraniol | / | / | PluronicF-127 | / | THF | / | Water | 26–412 | / | / | Antimicrobial | Food | [86] |
| PCL | Lecithin | Acetone | Pluronic F68 | Water | 289.3 | −26.6 | 99.88 | Antioxidant Antimicrobial |
Cosmetic | [65] | |||
| Zanthoxylum rhoifolium | Zanthoxylum rhoifolium L. | Leaves | PCL | Span 60 | Acetone | Tween 80 | Water | ˂500 | −20 | 96 | Pesticide | Agriculture | [87] |
| Pelargonium graveolens | Pelargonium graveolens L’Hér. | Aerial part | Eudragit RS 100 | / | Ethanol | / | Water | 113 | +80.6 | / | Bacteriostatic Fungistatic |
Medicine | [75] |
| Eugenia Caryophyllata | Eugenia Caryophyllata C. | Buds | Eudragit RS 100 | / | Ethanol | / | Water | 131 | +80.7 | / | Bacteriostatic Fungistatic |
Medicine | [75] |
| Carvone | / | / | PLGA | / | DMS | / | Water | 126 | / | 61 | Antimicrobial | Food | [67] |
| Anethole | / | / | PLGA | / | DMS | / | Water | 158 | / | 87 | Antimicrobial | Food | [67] |
| Thymol | / | / | Ethyl cellulose Methyl cellulose |
/ | Ethanol | / | Water | 420 | / | 77 | Antimicrobial | Cosmetic | [97] |
| Carvacrol | / | / | PLGA | Epikuron 200 | acetone | Pluronic F68 | Water | 209 | −19 | 26 | Antimicrobial | Medicine | [57] |
PCL, Poly-ε-caprolactone; PVA, Polyvinyl alcohol; PEO-b-PLA, Polyethylene oxide-b-Polylactic acid) copolymers; PLA, Polylactide; THF, Tetrahydrofuran; PLGA, Poly(lactide-co-glycolide); DMS, Dimethyl sulfate.