Table 2.
Values of conductivity at various frequencies for dry and hydrated chitosan-sulfated titania membranes.
| Membrane | Conductivity, σ (S/cm) at a Frequency of 1 Hz for Dry Membranes | Conductivity, σ (S/cm) at Low and High Frequencies for Hydrated Membranes | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 25 °C | 60 °C | 100 °C | f = 1 Hz | f = 106 Hz | |||
| 25 °C | 60 °C | 25 °C | 60 °C | ||||
| CS-TS | 6.6 × 10−12 | 5.2 × 10−11 | 3.3 × 10−9 | - | - | - | - |
| CS-TS-HS | 2.2 × 10−12 | 1.7 × 10−11 | 3.9 × 10−10 | 2.5 × 10−6 | 8.1 × 10−6 | 2.1 × 10−3 | 1.1 × 10−3 |
| CS-TS-TPP | 1.8 × 10−12 | 1.2 × 10−11 | 7.8 × 10−11 | 5.7 × 10−8 | 5.7 × 10−8 | 5.7 × 10−5 | 4.5 × 10−5 |
| CS-TS-PDMS | 2.6 × 10−12 | 1.1 × 10−11 | 7.4 × 10−11 | 7.0 × 10−8 | 1.9 × 10−7 | 1.4 × 10−5 | 3.1 × 10−5 |