Table 9.
Daily dietary intakes of selected nutrients by the participants including the Zespri® SunGold kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis ‘Zesy002’) interventions 1.
| Nutrient | Baseline | Kiwifruit Flesh Only | Kiwifruit and Skin | p Value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Healthy | IBS | Healthy | IBS | Healthy | IBS | Treatment | Group | Treatment × Group | |
| Total energy (kJ) | 8083 (2693) | 7258 (1858) | 7758 (2551) | 8444 (2873) | 7543 (2229) | 7432 (2256) | 0.237 | 0.907 | 0.116 |
| Protein (g) | 92 (50) | 72 (25) | 84 (31) | 78 (29) | 83 (19) | 68 (25) | 0.505 | 0.090 | 0.539 |
| Total fat (g) | 81 (35) | 73 (23) | 71 (29) | 78 (29) | 68 (24) | 70 (35) | 0.073 | 0.975 | 0.132 |
| Saturated fatty acids (g) | 32 (12) | 25 (10) | 27 (10) | 28 (12) | 24 * (11) | 28 (15) | 0.405 | 0.822 | 0.007 |
| Polyunsaturated fatty acids (g) | 12 (11) | 13 (6) | 10 (8) | 13 (7) | 10 (6) | 10 (6) | 0.026 | 0.670 | 0.124 |
| Monounsaturated fatty acids (g) | 28 (13) | 28 (11) | 23 (11) | 28 (14) | 25 (9) | 24 (14) | 0.098 | 0.807 | 0.180 |
| Available carbohydrate (g) | 188 (59) | 172 (56) | 200 (67) | 221 * (106) | 198 (78) | 190 (65) | 0.036 | 0.969 | 0.233 |
| Sugar (g) | 76 (33) | 77 (23) | 96 * (44) | 103 * (31) | 91 (40) | 99 * (29) | <0.001 | 0.650 | 0.715 |
| Dietary fibre (g) | 23 (16) | 23 (5) | 24 (13) | 28 (9) | 21 (7) | 23 (7) | 0.042 | 0.484 | 0.458 |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 67 (79) | 80 (28) | 446 * (61) | 429 * (92) | 471 * (104) | 454 * (54) | <0.001 | 0.643 | 0.604 |
| Sodium (mg) | 2596 (1076) | 2163 (1020) | 2260 (960) | 2089 (878) | 2035 (1116) | 1940 (689) | 0.148 | 0.324 | 0.677 |
| Potassium (mg) | 3032 (1300) | 3159 (632) | 3117 (989) | 3787 (778) | 3276 (755) | 3402 (916) | 0.079 | 0.237 | 0.140 |
| Magnesium (mg) | 332 (160) | 328 (106) | 277 (123) | 377 (140) | 285 (95) | 322 (144) | 0.181 | 0.278 | 0.005 |
| Iron (mg) | 12 (6) | 12 (4) | 10 (4) | 13 (5) | 11 (4) | 11 (4) | 0.447 | 0.739 | 0.164 |
| Calcium (mg) | 752 (352) | 798 (382) | 741 (299) | 822 (327) | 691 (293) | 743 (365) | 0.454 | 0.532 | 0.945 |
1 Data presented as the mean (standard deviation); * mean significantly different from baseline based on least significant difference (p = 0.0055).