Table 4.
Chromium-altered leaf morphology and growth as compared to control in various plant species.
| Plant Species | Common Name | Chromium Concentration | Medium | Time of Exposure (Days) | Induced Changes in Leaf Growth and Morphology | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arabidopsis thaliana | Arabidopsis | 800 μM Cr(VI) | ½-strength MS | 2 | Reduced: growth, water content (RWC), chlorophyll (chl), cell and tissue viability | [15] |
| Brassica juncea | Mustard | 300 μM Cr(VI) | Semi-hydroponic medium | 5 | Reduced: growth, RWC, and chl content | [46] |
| Brassica napus | Oilseed Rape | 400 μM Cr(VI) | Hoagland | 6 | 61%–71% Reduced biomass | [35] |
| Hordeum vulgare | Barley | 100 μM Cr(VI) | Nutrient solution | 50 | ≈62%–67% Reduced DW | [40] |
| Oryza sativa | Rice | 80 µM Cr(VI) | Hydroponic | 7 | Chlorosis | [36] |
| Zea mays | Corn | 173 µM Cr(VI) | Hydroponic | 7 | Reduced leaf number | [33] |