Figure 8.

ROS induction by curcumin/TRAIL combination. (a) ACHN cells were cultured on six-well plates and treated with vehicle control or 25 μM curcumin for 4 h, followed by a further incubation with 50 ng/mL TRAIL for an additional 2, 4, 8 and 20 h. Therefore, the final exposure length was (i) 6, (ii) 8, (iii) 12 and (iv) 24 h. ROS was measured using Carboxy-H2DFFDA probe and analysed by flow cytometry. Negative control cells were incubated with 0.05% DMSO containing complete culture medium only. Arrows indicate a high ROS level following curcumin + TRAIL compared to the other treatments. (b) Flow cytometry data was presented as mean relative fluorescent intensity ± SEM of three independent experiments. Two-way ANOVA was used to analyse the data.