Table 3.
Associations between plasma ruminant trans fatty acid levels and cardiovascular risk factors.
| Univariable Linear Regression Analysis | |||||
| Cardiovascular Risk Factors | n | Unstd. β-coeff. (95% CI) | Std. β-coeff. | p | R2 |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/L a | 3680 | 0.25 (0.18, 0.32) | 0.12 | <0.001 | 0.01 |
| LDL cholesterol, mmol/L b | 3657 | −0.62 (−0.76, −0.49) | −0.15 | <0.001 | 0.02 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L c | 3680 | −1.51 (−1.61, −1.41) | −0.20 | <0.001 | 0.04 |
| FPG, mmol/L d | 3675 | −1.11 (−1.14, −1.08) | −0.14 | <0.001 | 0.02 |
| HbA1c, % e | 3669 | −1.08 (−1.10, −1.07) | −0.19 | <0.001 | 0.04 |
| BMI, kg/m2 f | 3683 | −2.60 (−3.21, −1.99) | −0.14 | <0.001 | 0.02 |
| SBP g | 3679 | −5.14 (−7.75, −2.53) | −0.06 | <0.001 | 0.004 |
| DBP h | 3679 | −3.40 (−4.80, −2.01) | −0.08 | <0.001 | 0.01 |
| eGFR, mL/min × 1.73m2 i | 3664 | −0.01 (−1.68, 1.66) | 0.00 | 0.99 | 0.00 |
| cIMT, mm j | 3661 | −0.002 (−0.02, 0.01) | −0.004 | 0.83 | 0.00 |
| CRP, mg/L k | 3669 | −1.12 (−1.23, −1.02) | −0.04 | 0.01 | 0.001 |
| Multivariable Linear Regression Analysis | |||||
| Cardiovascular Risk Factors | n | Unstd. β-coeff. (95% CI) | Std. β-coeff. | p | R2 |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/L a | 3640 | 0.16 (0.10, 0.22) | 0.08 | <0.001 | 0.27 |
| LDL cholesterol, mmol/L b | 3617 | −0.42 (−0.54, −0.30) | −0.10 | <0.001 | 0.28 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L c | 3640 | −1.37 (−1.46, −1.29) | −0.15 | <0.001 | 0.21 |
| FPG, mmol/L d | 3636 | −1.06 (−1.08, −1.04) | −0.08 | <0.001 | 0.39 |
| HbA1c, % e | 3630 | −1.06 (−1.07, −1.04) | −0.13 | <0.001 | 0.39 |
| BMI, kg/m2 f | 3612 | −1.96 (−2.55, −1.37) | −0.10 | <0.001 | 0.10 |
| SBP g | 3640 | −3.31 (−5.92, −0.69) | −0.04 | 0.01 | 0.03 |
| DBP g | 3640 | −2.98 (−4.32, −1.64) | −0.07 | <0.001 | 0.12 |
| eGFR, mL/min × 1.73m2 i | 3624 | −0.83 (−2.52, 0.85) | −0.02 | 0.33 | 0.03 |
| cIMT, mm j | 3625 | 0.01 (−0.01, 0.02) | 0.01 | 0.56 | 0.05 |
| CRP, mg/L k | 3629 | −1.03 (−1.12, 1.04) | −0.01 | 0.49 | 0.07 |
a Sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, DM, BMI, lipid lowering drugs. b Sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, DM, BMI, lipid lowering drugs. c Sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, DM, BMI, lipid lowering drugs. d Sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, BMI, glucose-lowering drugs. e Sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, BMI, glucose-lowering drugs. f Sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, DM, physical activity, higher education. g Sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, DM, BMI. h Sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, DM, BMI. i Sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, DM, BMI, hypertension. j Sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, DM, BMI, lipid lowering drugs, hypertension. k Sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, DM, BMI. Unstandardized β coefficients (Unstd. β-coeff.) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI), standardized β coefficients (Std. β-coeff.), p-values and explained variance (R2) are given for plasma ruminant trans fatty acid levels in univariable analysis and the fully adjusted multivariable models. Abbreviations: BMI: Body mass index. cIMT: Carotid intima-media thickness. CRP: C-reactive protein. DBP: Diastolic blood pressure. DM: Diabetes mellitus. eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate. FPG: Fasting plasma glucose. HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c. HDL: High-density lipoprotein. LDL: Low-density lipoprotein. SBP: Systolic blood pressure.