Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of participants with prediabetes who had 5-year follow-up data (n = 23,293) and experienced normoglycemia, persistent prediabetes, or progression to T2D.
| Variables | Normalized (n = 8404) | Persisted (n = 9531) | Progressed (n = 5358) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 42.14 ± 10.14 | 44.41 ± 9.47 | 48.65 ± 8.78 | <0.001*,‡,† |
| Male (%) | 5925 (70.5%) | 7154 (75.1%) | 3913 (73.0%) | <0.001* |
| Blue-collar | 7942 (94.5%) | 9050 (95.0%) | 5146 (96.0%) | 0.130 |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Former smoker | 910 (10.8%) | 1606 (16.9%) | 1041 (19.4%) | <0.001*,‡,† |
| Current smoker | 3034 (36.1%) | 3294 (34.6%) | 1407 (26.3%) | |
| PA (≥150 min/week) | 5777 (68.7%) | 2958 (31.0%) | 61 (1.1%) | <0.001*,‡,† |
| Diet (daily fruits and vegetables) | 5170 (61.5%) | 2968 (31.1%) | 403 (7.5%) | <0.001*,‡,† |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.09 ± 3.24 | 26.98 ± 3.58 | 33.42 ± 4.09 | <0.001*,‡,† |
| FPG (mg/dL) | 104.65 ± 4.73 | 106.37 ± 5.79 | 108.50 ± 6.73 | <0.001*,‡,† |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.892 ± 0.19 | 5.89 ± 0.17 | 6.20 ± 0.16 | <0.001*,‡,† |
| SBP (mmHg) | 123.76 ± 16.21 | 127.25 ± 16.25 | 134.72 ± 17.5 | <0.001*,‡,† |
| DBP (mmHg) | 75.39 ± 10.69 | 78.13 ± 10.78 | 82.75 ± 11.1 | <0.001*,‡,† |
| TG (mg/dL) | 108.56 ± 72.55 | 145.32 ± 116.72 | 166.84 ± 112.79 | <0.001*,‡,† |
Results are given as mean ± SD or n (%); PA, physical activity; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin. * Statistically significant differences between normalized vs. persisted (‡) normalized vs. progressed and (†) persisted vs. progressed (Bonferroni post hoc analysis).