. 2020 May 12;12(5):1390. doi: 10.3390/nu12051390

Table 3.

Meta-analytic results for the effects of intermittent fasting on physical performance.

					Heterogeneity
Primary Outcomes	Point Estimate	CI Lower	CI Upper	p-Value	Q-Value	p-Value	I-Squared
Muscle strength
Vertical Jump (cm) *
All studies
Only Ramadan IF studies	0.012	−0.324	0.348	0.945	43.598	<0.001	95.413
Only TRF studies
Vertical Jump (cm) **
All studies
Only Ramadan IF studies	0.021	−0.316	0.358	0.902	1.23	0.541	<0.001
Only TRF studies
Aerobic capacity
VO₂max (L·min⁻¹) *
All studies	0.051	−0.275	0.376	0.761	1.205	0.877	<0.001
Only Ramadan IF studies	−0.046	−0.417	0.324	0.806	0.055	0.973	<0.001
Only TRF studies	0.375	−0.303	1.053	0.278	0.007	0.932	<0.001
VO₂max (L·min⁻¹) **
All studies	−1.045	−1.488	−0.602	<0.001	80.05	<0.001	96.252
Only Ramadan IF studies	−2.204	−2.745	−1.663	<0.001	21.229	<0.001	95.289
Only TRF studies	1.315	0.543	2.087	0.001	5.323	0.021	81.212
30 min distance (m) **
All studies
Only Ramadan IF studies ***	0.187	−0.405	0.78	0.536	0.044	0.835	<0.001
Only TRF studies
Anaerobic capacity
Mean power (w) *
All studies	0.04	−0.753	0.834	0.921	123.219	<0.001	98.377
Only Ramadan IF studies	0.355	−0.442	1.151	0.383	38.813	<0.001	97.424
Only TRF studies
Peak Power (w) *
All studies	0.758	−0.019	1.535	0.056	113.389	<0.001	98.236
Only Ramadan IF studies	−0.11	−0.912	0.691	0.788	40.109	<0.001	97.507
Only TRF studies

Note. * Pre-post tests, IF intervention; ** Pre-post tests, IF intervention vs. control; *** Comparison of means between the Ramadan IF interventions and the control groups; * Vertical jump height, Ramadan IF studies (k = 3); ** Vertical jump height, Ramadan IF studies (k = 3); * VO_2max, all studies (k = 5); * VO_2max, Ramadan IF studies(K = 3); * VO_2max, TRF studies (K = 2); ** VO_2max, all studies (k = 4); ** VO_2max, Ramadan IF studies(K = 2); ** VO_2max, TRF studies (K = 2); * WnT mean power output, all studies (k = 3); * WnT mean power output, Ramadan IF studies (k = 2); * WnT peak power output, all studies (k = 3); * WnT peak power output, Ramadan IF studies (k = 2); and *** 30 min distance, Ramadan IF studies (K = 2). Abbreviations. CI, confidence interval; Ramadan IF, Ramadan intermittent fasting; TRF, time-restricted feeding; VO_2max, maximum oxygen consumption; WnT, Wingate.