Table 4.
Subgroup analysis: stratified multivariate cox proportional hazard models for incident hypertension risk related to daily cholesterol consumption.
| Quintiles of Cholesterol Intake (mg/Day) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P for Interaction | ≤270 | 271–336 | 337–401 | 402–487 | ≥488 | P for Trend | |
| Normal weight (mean BMI = 21.4, n = 39,966) | 0.85 | ref | 1.16 [1.09: 1.24] | 1.22 [1.15: 1.30] | 1.25 [1.17: 1.34] | 1.24 [1.15: 1.34] | <0.0005 |
| Overweight/obese (mean BMI = 27.1, n = 6635) | - | ref | 1.07 [0.93: 1.23] | 1.05 [0.91: 1.21] | 1.11 [0.97: 1.28] | 1.21 [1.05: 1.40] | 0.006 |
| No dyslipidaemia (n = 36,461) | 0.25 | ref | 1.15 [1.08: 1.23] | 1.19 [1.12: 1.27] | 1.23 [1.15: 1.32] | 1.25 [1.16 1.34] | <0.0005 |
| Dyslipidaemia (n = 9963) | - | ref | 1.07 [0.94: 1.21] | 1.10 [0.96: 1.26] | 1.08 [0.93: 1.25] | 1.09 [0.94: 1.28] | 0.25 |
| No diabetes (n = 45,670) | 0.79 | ref | 1.13 [1.07: 1.20] | 1.17 [1.11: 1.24] | 1.21 [1.13: 1.28] | 1.22 [1.14: 1.30] | < 0.05 |
| Diabetes (n = 754) | - | ref | 1.08 [0.66: 1.76] | 0.94 [0.58: 1.54] | 1.17 [1.73: 1.89] | 1.01 [0.61: 1.66] | 0.93 |
| High school education (n = 25,555) | 0.28 | ref | 1.14 [1.06: 1.23] | 1.20 [1.11: 1.29] | 1.22 [1.13: 1.32] | 1.27 [1.17: 1.38] | <0.0005 |
| University education (n = 18,065) | -- | ref | 1.12 [1.02: 1.23] | 1.14 [1.04: 1.26] | 1.15 [1.04: 1.27] | 1.16 [1.04: 1.20] | 0.02 |
| Smokers (n = 6622) | 0.35 | ref | 1.09 [0.93: 1.27] | 1.02 [0.87: 1.19] | 1.03 [0.88: 1.21] | 1.04 [0.88: 1.23] | 0.90 |
| Ex-smokers (n = 15,677) | - | ref | 1.16 [1.05: 1.28] | 1.25 [1.13: 1.38] | 1.26 [1.14: 1.40] | 1.26 [1.12: 1.41] | <0.0005 |
| Never smokers (n = 24,215) | - | ref | 1.13 [1.04: 1.22] | 1.17 [1.08: 1.26] | 1.21 [1.12: 1.32] | 1.24 [1.14: 1.36] | 0.0005 |
| Low processed meat (median = 7.9 g/day, n = 23,309) | <0.005 | ref | 1.17 [1.09: 1.26] | 1.21 [1.12: 1.31] | 1.21 [1.11: 1.32] | 1.20 [1.08: 1.33] | <0.0005 |
| High processed meat (median = 25.9 g/day, n = 23,292) | - | ref | 1.03 [0.94: 1.13] | 1.05 [0.96: 1.15] | 1.08 [0.99: 1.18] | 1.06 [0.97: 1.16] | 0.26 |
| High Mediterranean diet score (median = 0.5, n = 23,300) | <0.005 | ref | 1.21 [1.10: 1.32] | 1.32 [1.21: 1.44] | 1.35 [1.23: 1.48] | 1.35 [1.24: 1.48] | <0.0005 |
| Low Mediterranean diet score (median = −0.7, n = 23,301) | - | ref | 1.07 [1.00: 1.16] | 1.05 [0.97: 1.14] | 1.09 [1.00: 1.18] | 1.11 [1.01: 1.22] | 0.03 |
Models adjusted for BMI, total physical activity, smoking, family history of CVD, education level, menopausal status, use of MHT, dyslipidaemia, diabetes, intake of alcohol, total calorific intake, and Mediterranean diet score, with age as the timeline, minus the stratification variable.