Table 5.
Skin permeation parameters of capsaicin release from the chili extract and chili extract-loaded lipid-based nanoparticles. Data represent the mean ± SD.
| Formulation | Flux (µg/cm2 h) | Lag Time (h) | Permeability Coefficient (cm/h) × 10−5 | Q24h (µg) | Enhancement Ratio (Er) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chili extract | 0.28 ± 0.05 | 5.95 ± 0.15 | 11.36 ± 1.90 | 9.05 ± 1.54 | 1.00 ± 0.00 |
| SLN chili | 0.37 ± 0.12 | 2.31 ± 0.07 * | 17.17 ± 3.31 * | 11.54 ± 1.78 | 1.39 ± 0.12 |
| NLC chili | 0.45 ± 0.16 | 2.30 ± 0.06 * | 21.02 ± 4.38 * | 13.68 ± 1.79 * | 1.70 ± 0.17 |
Abbreviations: Q24h, cumulative capsaicin permeated through the skin at 24 h; SLN, solid lipid nanoparticles; NLC, nanostructured lipid carriers. * The value is significantly different (p < 0.05) than the chili extract (control).